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Oxidative Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Women

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Studies on Cardiovascular Disorders

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Abstract

Many risk factors that promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been identified. These include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, decreased estrogen in postmenopausal women, increased homocysteine, and cigarette smoking. It has recently become clear that a mechanism common to these risk factors is oxidative stress. CVD risk factors specific to women are parity, oophorectomy, preeclampsia, and menopause. There are several proposed mechanisms to explain these women-specific associations, such as reduced lifetime exposure to estrogen and insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. One fact that did not receive much attention is the role of the oxidation hypothesis in these reproductive factors–CVD associations. In fact, pregnant, oophorectomized, and postmenopausal women exhibit higher levels of lipid peroxidation than nonpregnant, nonoophorectomized, and premenopausal women, respectively. We propose that the increased levels of lipid peroxidation during these states are responsible, at least in part, for their increased risk of CVD. This review extends the concept of the oxidation hypothesis of CVD to reproductive risk factors in women. It also addresses the potential role of oxidative stress in the hyperthyroidism-CVD relationship, as hyperthyroidism is a common disorder that most frequently occurs in women. We also discuss how screening human populations for reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels could help identify groups with a high level of ROS that may be at risk of developing CVD.

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Acknowledgments

Reprinted from Castelao J.E. and Gago-Dominguez, M. “Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women: relationship to lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.” Medical Hypotheses 71:39–44; copyright (2008) with permission from Elsevier. This study was supported in part by U.S. National Institutes of Health grant R01CA114472.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9175, USA

    Manuela Gago-Dominguez & Xuejuan Jiang

  2. Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, CHUVI Genetic Oncology Unit, CHUVI, Meixoeiro s/n, Vigo, Spain

    Jose Esteban Castelao

  3. USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9175, USA

    Jose Esteban Castelao

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  1. Manuela Gago-Dominguez
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Correspondence to Manuela Gago-Dominguez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physiologisches Institut, Universität Gießen, Aulweg 129, Gießen, 35392, Germany

    Heinrich Sauer

  2. James Black Centre, King's College, London, Coldharbour Lane 125, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom

    Ajay M. Shah

  3. Fac. Medicina, Instituto do Coração (INCOR), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, São Paulo, 05403-000, São Paulo, Brazil

    Francisco R. M. Laurindo

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Gago-Dominguez, M., Jiang, X., Castelao, J.E. (2010). Oxidative Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Women. In: Sauer, H., Shah, A., Laurindo, F. (eds) Studies on Cardiovascular Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-600-9_23

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