Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pediatric Obesity

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

  • 1726 Accesses

Abstract

It is estimated that 18% of children and adolescents in the United States are now obese (1). According to the NHANES surveys of 1976–1980 and 2003–2006, the prevalence of obesity has risen from 5 to 12.4% in 2–5-year-old children, from 6.5 to 17% in children aged 6–11 years, and from 5 to 17.6% in teenagers (2). The implications are serious and have both immediate and long-term effects. Childhood obesity increases the incidence of hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia, which raise the risks of cardiovascular disease. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of more than 6,000 Louisiana children found that 39% of obese subjects (BMI >95th percentile) had two or more cardiovascular risk factors; cardiovascular risk was even higher in those with BMI at the 99th percentile (3).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. JAMA. 2006;295(13):1549–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Flegal KM. High body mass index for age among US children and adolescents, 2003–2006. JAMA. 2008;299(20):2401–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Freedman DS, Mei Z, Srinivasan SR, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Pediatr. 2007;150(1):12–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, et al. Years of life lost due to obesity. JAMA. 2003;289(2):187–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, et al. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med. 1993;22(2):167–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, et al. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(13):869–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Young-Hyman D, Schlundt DG, Herman L, et al. Evaluation of the insulin resistance syndrome in 5- to 10-year-old overweight/obese African-American children. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(8):1359–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Levin PD, Weissman C. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and the surgical patient. Med Clin North Am. 2009;93(5):1049–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Yanovski JA, Yanovski SZ. Treatment of pediatric and adolescent obesity. JAMA. 2003;289(14):1851–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Treadwell JR, Sun F, Schoelles K. Systematic review and meta-analysis of bariatric surgery for pediatric obesity. Ann Surg. 2008;248(5):763–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Levine MD, Ringham RM, Kalarchian MA, et al. Is family-based behavioral weight control appropriate for severe pediatric obesity? Int J Eat Disord. 2001;30(3):318–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Epstein LH, Valoski A, Wing RR, McCurley J. Ten-year follow-up of behavioral, family-based treatment for obese children. JAMA. 1990;264(19):2519–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lawson ML, Kirk S, Mitchell T, et al. One-year outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbidly obese adolescents: a multicenter study from the Pediatric Bariatric Study Group. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41(1):137–43; discussion 137–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Chanoine JP, Hampl S, Jensen C, et al. Effect of orlistat on weight and body composition in obese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;293(23):2873–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Berkowitz RI, Wadden TA, Tershakovec AM, Cronquist JL. Behavior therapy and sibutramine for the treatment of adolescent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003;289(14):1805–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Zeller M, Kirk S, Claytor R, et al. Predictors of attrition from a pediatric weight management program. J Pediatr. 2004;144(4):466–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sjostrom L, Lindroos AK, Peltonen M, et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(26):2683–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, et al. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004;292(14):1724–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Garcia VF, DeMaria EJ. Adolescent bariatric surgery: treatment delayed, treatment denied, a crisis invited. Obes Surg. 2006;16(1):1–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schauer PR, Burguera B, Ikramuddin S, et al. Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en Y gastric bypass on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Surg. 2003;238(4):467–84; discussion 84–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Changes in comorbidities and improvements in quality of life after LAP-BAND placement. Am J Surg. 2002;184(6B):51S–4S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Breaux CW. Obesity surgery in children. Obes Surg. 1995;5(3):279–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Pratt JS, Lenders CM, Dionne EA, et al. Best practice updates for pediatric/adolescent weight loss surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(5):901–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. August GP, Caprio S, Fennoy I, Freemark M, Kaufman FR, Lustig RH, Silverstein JH, Speiser PW, Styne DM, Montori VM. Prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline based on expert opinion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:4576–99.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Scheimann AO, Butler MG, Gourash L, Cuffari C, Klish W. Critical analysis of bariatric procedures in Prader-Willi syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;46(1):80–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Aggarwal S, Kini SU, Herron DM. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: a review. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3(2):189–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Cottam D, Qureshi FG, Mattar SG, et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as an initial weight-loss procedure for high-risk patients with morbid obesity. Surg Endosc. 2006;20(6):859–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ceelen W, Walder J, Cardon A, et al. Surgical treatment of severe obesity with a low-pressure adjustable gastric band: experimental data and clinical results in 625 patients. Ann Surg. 2003;237(1):10–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Dargent J. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: lessons from the first 500 patients in a single institution. Obes Surg. 1999;9(5):446–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. DeMaria EJ, Sugerman HJ, Meador JG, et al. High failure rate after laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding for treatment of morbid obesity. Ann Surg. 2001;233(6):809–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ren CJ, Weiner M, Allen JW. Favorable early results of gastric banding for morbid obesity: the American experience. Surg Endosc. 2004;18(3):543–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Angrisani L, Favretti F, Furbetta F, et al. Obese teenagers treated by Lap-Band System: the Italian experience. Surgery. 2005;138(5):877–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Nadler EP, Youn HA, Ginsburg HB, et al. Short-term results in 53 US obese pediatric patients treated with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42(1):137–41; discussion 141–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Silberhumer GR, Miller K, Kriwanek S, et al. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in adolescents: the Austrian experience. Obes Surg. 2006;16(8):1062–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Yitzhak A, Mizrahi S, Avinoach E. Laparoscopic gastric banding in adolescents. Obes Surg. 2006;16(10):1318–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Schauer P, Ikramuddin S, Hamad G, Gourash W. The learning curve for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is 100 cases. Surg Endosc. 2003;17(2):212–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Brolin RE, Kenler HA, Gorman JH, Cody RP. Long-limb gastric bypass in the superobese. A prospective randomized study. Ann Surg. 1992;215(4):387–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Wittgrove AC, Clark GW. Laparoscopic gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y-500 patients: technique and results, with 3–60 month follow-up. Obes Surg. 2000;10(3):233–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Schauer PR, Ikramuddin S, Gourash W, et al. Outcomes after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Ann Surg. 2000;232(4):515–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Lee CM, Cirangle PT, Jossart GH. Vertical gastrectomy for morbid obesity in 216 patients: report of 2-year results. Surg Endosc. 2007;21(10):1810–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Oliak D, Owens M, Schmidt HJ. Impact of fellowship training on the learning curve for laparoscopic gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2004;14(2):197–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Schirmer BD, Schauer PR, Flum DR, et al. Bariatric surgery training: getting your ticket punched. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11(7):807–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Inge TH, Zeller M, Harmon C, et al. Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery: methodological features of the first prospective multicenter study of adolescent bariatric surgery. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42(11):1969–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55(2 Suppl):615S–9S.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Inge TH, Garcia V, Daniels S, et al. A multidisciplinary approach to the adolescent bariatric surgical patient. J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39(3):442–7; discussion 446–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. DeMaria EJ, Murr M, Byrne TK, et al. Validation of the obesity surgery mortality risk score in a multicenter study proves it stratifies mortality risk in patients undergoing gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Ann Surg. 2007;246(4):578–82; discussion 583–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. DeMaria EJ, Portenier D, Wolfe L. Obesity surgery mortality risk score: proposal for a clinically useful score to predict mortality risk in patients undergoing gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3(2):134–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Belle SH, Berk PD, Courcoulas AP, et al. Safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery: Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3(2):116–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Inge TH, Jenkins TM, Zeller M, et al. Baseline BMI is a strong predictor of Nadir BMI after Adolescent Gastric Bypass. J Pediatr. 2010;156(1):103–8.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Inge TH, Xanthakos SA, Zeller MH. Bariatric surgery for pediatric extreme obesity: now or later? Int J Obes (Lond). 2007;31(1):1–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Zeller MH, Modi AC. Predictors of health-related quality of life in obese youth. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006;14(1):122–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Wilde ML. Bioethical and legal implications of pediatric gastric bypass. Willamette Law Rev. 2004;40(3):575–625.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Inge TH, Miyano G, Bean J, Helmrath M, Courcoulas A, Harmon CM, Chen MK, Wilson K, Daniels SR, Garcia VF, Brandt ML, Dolan LM. Reversal of type 2 diabetes mellitus and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors after surgical weight loss in adolescents. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):214–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Xanthakos SA, Inge TH. Extreme pediatric obesity: weighing the health dangers. J Pediatr. 2007;150(1):3–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Ippisch HM, Inge TH, Daniels SR, Wang B, Khoury PR, Witt SA, Glascock BJ, Garcia VF, Kimball TR. Reversibility of cardiac abnormalities in morbidly obese adolescents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(14):1342–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Zeller MH, Modi AC, Noll JG, Long JD, Inge TH. Psychosocial functioning improves following adolescent bariatric surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(5):985–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Saliba J, Wattacheril J, Abumrad NN. Endocrine and metabolic response to gastric bypass. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12(5):515–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Flum DR, Belle SH, King WC, et al. Perioperative safety in the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(5):445–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Podnos YD, Jimenez JC, Wilson SE, et al. Complications after laparoscopic gastric bypass: a review of 3464 cases. Arch Surg. 2003;138(9):957–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Kellogg TA, Bantle JP, Leslie DB, Redmond JB, Slusarek B, Swan T, Buchwald H, Ikramuddin S. Postgastric bypass hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia syndrome: characterization and response to a modified diet. Surg Obes Relat Dis. Jul–Aug 2008;4(4):492–9.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Li VK, Pulido N, Fajnwaks P, Szomstein S, Rosenthal R, Martinez-Duartez P. Predictors of gallstone formation after bariatric surgery: a multivariate analysis of risk factors comparing gastric bypass, gastric banding, and sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Endosc. 2009;23(7):1640–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Clements RH, Katasani VG, Palepu R, Leeth RR, Leath TD, Roy BP, Vickers SM. Incidence of vitamin deficiency after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a university hospital setting. Am Surg. 2006;72(12):1196–202.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Towbin A, Inge TH, Garcia VF, et al. Beriberi after gastric bypass surgery in adolescence. J Pediatr. 2004;145(2):263–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Coates PS, Fernstrom JD, Fernstrom MH, et al. Gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity leads to an increase in bone turnover and a decrease in bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(3):1061–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Alvarez-Leite JI. Nutrient deficiencies secondary to bariatric surgery. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2004;7(5):569–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Woodard CB. Pregnancy following bariatric surgery. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2004;18(4):329–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Wittgrove AC, Jester L, Wittgrove P, Clark GW. Pregnancy following gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Obes Surg. 1998;8(4):461–4; discussion 465–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Dao T, Kuhn J, Ehmer D, et al. Pregnancy outcomes after gastric-bypass surgery. Am J Surg. 2006;192(6):762–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Basil M. Yurcisin & Eric J. DeMaria

Authors
  1. Basil M. Yurcisin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eric J. DeMaria
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Duke University, DUMC 3080, Durham, 27710, North Carolina, USA

    Michael Freemark

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yurcisin, B.M., DeMaria, E.J. (2010). Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents. In: Freemark, M. (eds) Pediatric Obesity. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-874-4_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-874-4_27

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-873-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-874-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation