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Inflammation and Hypertension

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Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension

Part of the book series: Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases ((CHVD))

Abstract

Increasing evidence collected from both clinical and basic science studies suggests that hypertension and inflammation maybe connected. In particular, a condition of low-grade systemic inflammation is frequently documented in hypertensive subjects and data from animal models of hypertension demonstrated that inflammatory events are commonly seen within the target organs of hypertensive damage (such as kidneys, arteries, and the brain). Whether these inflammatory events are the trigger of hypertension or instead represent the detrimental consequence of elevated blood pressure is still uncertain. It is plausible that modulators of inflammation (such as immune cells, cytokines, chemokines) and hypertension could interact with each other in a bidirectional manner and numerous feedback loops probably exist between these two conditions. Of note, renal inflammatory infiltration, characterized by accumulation of lymphocytes, macrophages, and secretions of cytokines, seems to be central not only for chronic kidney progression but also for the pathogenesis of hypertension. Moreover, emerging evidence highlights the importance of immune system activation in controlling sympathetic nerve activity and vice versa, thus opening a whole new scenario on the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurogenic hypertension. It appears that the vicious hypothetical cycle between hypertension and inflammation can be mainly observed in those clinical disorders, such as chronic kidney diseases, that carry a significant elevation in local and systemic inflammation. The present chapter will review the evidence available about these concepts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, Medicina Interna I^, Cà Foncello University Hospital, Piazza Ospedale 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy

    Paolo Pauletto & Marcello Rattazzi

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  1. Paolo Pauletto
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  2. Marcello Rattazzi
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Correspondence to Paolo Pauletto .

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  1. Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Matthew R. Weir

  2. Section of Nephrology, University of Illinois at Chicago/Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA

    Edgar V. Lerma

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Pauletto, P., Rattazzi, M. (2015). Inflammation and Hypertension. In: Weir, M., Lerma, E. (eds) Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension. Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1982-6_14

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