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Antioxidant Interventions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

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Studies on Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract

Oxidative stress and free radicals have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Both genetic and nongenetic factors have been shown to cause increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species in subjects with schizophrenia or mood disorder. The above factors are also known to trigger oxidative cellular damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, which leads to abnormal neural growth and differentiation. In addition, recent evidence suggest that novel therapeutic strategies such as supplementation with antioxidants, ω3 fatty acids, or combination of both might improve the neuroplasticity and can be effective for long-term treatment management of neuropsychiatric disorders. This chapter presents an overview of the recent findings on the potential treatment strategies using antioxidants in schizophrenia and mood disorders.

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Abbreviations

1O2 :

Singlet oxygen

AA:

Arachidonic acid

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BPRS:

Brief psychiatric rating scale

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

CAT:

Catalase

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

ethyl-EPA:

Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSH:

Glutathione

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

IL-1:

Interleukin-1

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

LTB4 :

Leukotriene B4

MADRS:

Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale

MDD:

Major depressive disorder

NAC:

N-Acetylcysteine

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

NO‾:

Nitric oxide

NO‾2 :

Nitrate

NO‾3 :

Nitrite

NO•:

Nitric oxide

O2 − :

Superoxide anion

OH•:

Hydroxyl

PANSS:

Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale

PGE2 :

Prostaglandin E2

PUFAs:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

RBC:

Red blood cell

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TAS:

Total antioxidant status

TD:

Tardive dyskinesia

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

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Acknowledgments

This material is based upon work supported in part by the grants from the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Biomedical Laboratory R&D [Merit Reviews and Senior Research Career Scientist Award (JKY)], VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, National Institute of Health [MH58141 (JKY) and MH087857 (AP)], and American Heart Association (JKY). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The contents of this article do not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, 30901, USA

    Anilkumar Pillai Ph.D.

  2. Medical Research Service, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, (151) University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA

    Jeffrey K. Yao Ph.D.

  3. Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Jeffrey K. Yao Ph.D.

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, 15216, USA

    Jeffrey K. Yao Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Anilkumar Pillai Ph.D.
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  2. Jeffrey K. Yao Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Jeffrey K. Yao Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Psychiatry of the Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

    Anna Dietrich-Muszalska

  2. Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island, New York, USA

    Ved Chauhan

  3. Departments of Psychiatry and Physiology & Biophysics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Sylvain Grignon

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Pillai, A., Yao, J.K. (2015). Antioxidant Interventions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. In: Dietrich-Muszalska, A., Chauhan, V., Grignon, S. (eds) Studies on Psychiatric Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_25

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