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The Reciprocal Effects of Oxidative Stress and Glutamate Neurotransmission

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Studies on Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract

The occurrence of oxidative phenomena during glutamatergic neurotransmission and its pathological correlate, excitotoxicity, was recognized early and is still the focus of active research. The present section will provide a brief overview of key components of glutamatergic transmission. The impact of redox status on glutamate release, reuptake, receptor expression, and function will be reviewed as well as some aspects of the complex neuroenergetics of the “tripartite synapse.” Symmetrically, we will also address how glutamate modulates redox status through effectors such as mitochondrial dynamics, NADPH oxidase stimulation, nitric oxide levels, and the redox modulating cystine glutamate exchanger.

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Abbreviations

4-HNE:

4-hydroxynonenal

AMPA:

α-amino-5-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-isoxazole propionic acid

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

cGCL:

Catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase

CNS:

Central nervous system

COX2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Drp1:

Dynamin-related protein 1

DTNB:

5, 5′-dithio-bis[2-nitrobenzoic acid]

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

EAAC:

Excitatory amino acid carriers

Egr-1:

Early growth response protein

EPSC:

Excitatory post synaptic currents

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

iNOS:

Nitric oxide synthase, inducible form

KA:

Kainate

MPTP:

1-methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

NAC:

N-acetylcysteine

NFκB:

Nuclear factor-kappaB

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartate

nNOS:

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOX:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase

NOX2:

NADPH oxidase

NRF1:

Nuclear respiratory factor 1

Nrf2:

NF-E2-related factor

O2− :

Superoxide anion

ONOO:

Peroxynitrite

OPA1:

Optical atrophy protein 1

PKG:

Protein kinase G

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SIN-1:

3-morpholinosydnonimine

Sp1:

Specificity protein 1

t-BHQ:

tert-Butylhydroquinone

t-bOOH:

tert-Butylhydroperoxide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Psychiatry and Physiology & Biophysics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada

    Sylvain Grignon M.D., Ph.D. & Jessica Deslauriers Ph.D.

  2. Département de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, 580 rue Bowen sud, J1G 2E8, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada

    Sylvain Grignon M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Sylvain Grignon M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Sylvain Grignon M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Biological Psychiatry of the Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

    Anna Dietrich-Muszalska

  2. Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island, New York, USA

    Ved Chauhan

  3. Departments of Psychiatry and Physiology & Biophysics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Sylvain Grignon

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Grignon, S., Deslauriers, J. (2015). The Reciprocal Effects of Oxidative Stress and Glutamate Neurotransmission. In: Dietrich-Muszalska, A., Chauhan, V., Grignon, S. (eds) Studies on Psychiatric Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_11

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