Abstract
Laser is an electromagnetic radiation, which is a form of energy and does not require any medium to travel through space. The properties of electromagnetic radiation can be characterized by its wave-like or particle-like (corpuscular) behavior. The waves of electromagnetic radiation are characterized by wavelength or frequency. The wave theory of electromagnetic radiation explains various observed phenomena, such as the diffraction, interference, and polarization of light [Calvert and Pitts (1966)]. If an opaque object is placed between a point source and a screen, alternate bands of light are formed within the geometrical shadow of the object, which is known as diffraction. This phenomenon can be explained by using Huygen’s principle, which states that each point on a wave front of light acts as a point source and emits a secondary wavelet in all directions. According to the wave theory, unpolarized light, which we encounter most commonly, consists of a large number of waves with the electric and magnetic vectors of each wave oscillating in fixed planes perpendicular to the direction of the radiation propagation, but the orientations of the planes of the various waves are random with respect to one another. In plane polarized light, which can also consist of many waves, the electric vectors of all the waves lie in a single plane and the magnetic vectors of all the waves lie in another plane perpendicular to the electric field.
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Mazumder, J., Kar, A. (1995). Photolytic LCVD. In: Theory and Application of Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition. Lasers, Photonics, and Electro-Optics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1430-9_3
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