Abstract
This chapter contains discussions of anxiolytics and sedatives and several miscellaneous drugs that do not fit naturally into the remaining drug chapters. Included here are reviews of central nervous system (CNS) depressants (such as the benzodiazepines), antihistamines and anticholinergics, and atypical anxiolytics. Under the rubric of “miscellaneous drugs,” we have included Clonidine and guanfacine, melatonin, hypericin, tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan, fenfluramine, the ß-blockers, and the opiate antagonists.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Psychiatric Association: Benzodiazepine Dependence, Toxicity, and Abuse: A Task Force Report. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1990.
Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, et al (eds): Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ed 8. New York, Pergamon Press, 1990.
Gelenberg AJ, Bassuk EL, Schoonover SC (eds): The Practitioner’s Guide to Psychoactive Drugs, ed 3. New York, Plenum Press, 1991.
Greenblatt DJ, Shader, RI: Benzodiazepines in Clinical Practice. New York, Raven Press, 1974.
Baldessarini RJ: Drugs and the treatment of psychiatric disorders, in Gilman AG, Rail TW, Nies AS, et al (eds): Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ed 8. New York, Pergamon Press, 1990, pp 383–435.
Kennedy SK, Longnecker DE: History and principles of anesthesiology, in Gilman AG, Rail TW, Nies AS, et al (eds): Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ed 8. New York, Pergamon Press, 1990, pp 269–284.
Kutcher SP, Reiter S, Gardner DM, et al: The pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Psychiatr Clin North Am 15:41–68, 1992.
Rail TW: Hypnotics and sedatives; ethanol, in Gilman AG, Rail TW, Nies AS, et al (eds): Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ed 8. New York, Pergamon Press, 1990, pp 345–382.
Coffey BJ: Anxiolytics for children and adolescents: Traditional and new drugs. J Child Adolesc Psycho-pharmacol 1:57–86, 1990.
Klein DF, Mannuzza S, Chapman T, et al: Child panic revisited. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31:112 – 116, 1992.
Bernstein GA, Borchardt CM: Anxiety disorders of childhood and adolescence: A critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30:519–532, 1991.
Allen AJ, Leonard H, Swedo SE: Current knowledge of medications for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:976–986, 1995.
Bernstein GA, Perwien AR: Anxiety disorders, in Riddle MA (ed): Pediatric psychopharmacology. Child Adolesc Clin North Am 4:305–322, 1995.
Popper DW: Psychopharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders in adolescents and children. J Clin Psychiatry 54(suppl):52–63, 1993.
Roy-Byrne PP, Wingerson D: Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders, in Tasman A, Riba MB (eds): American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1992, vol 11, pp 260–284.
Simeon JG, Ferguson HB, Knott V, et al: Clinical, cognitive, and neurophysiological effects of alprazolam in children and adolescents with overanxious and avoidant disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31:29–33, 1992.
Aman MG, Werry JS: Methylphenidate and diazepam in severe reading retardation. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 21:31–37, 1982.
Graae F, Milner J, Rizzotto L. et al: Clonazepam in childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33:372–376, 1994.
Werry JS: Overanxious disorder: A review of its taxonomic properties. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30:533–544, 1991.
Brown TA, Hertz RM, Barlow DH: New developments in cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders, in Tasman A, Riba MB (eds): American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1992, vol 11, pp 285–306.
Werry JS, Wollersheim JP: Behavior therapy with children and adolescents: A twenty year overview. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 28:1–18, 1989.
Richman N, Douglas J, Hunt H, et al: Behavioural methods in the treatment of sleep disorders: A pilot study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 26:581–590, 1985.
Home J: Sleep and its disorders in children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 33:473–487, 1992.
Dahl RE: The pharmacologic treatment of sleep disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 15:161–178, 1992.
Dahl RE: Child and adolescent sleep disorders, in Riddle MA (ed): Pediatric psychopharmacology. Child Adolesc Clin North Am 4:323–341, 1995.
McClellan JM, Werry JS: Schizophrenia. Psychiatr Clin North Am 15:131–148, 1992.
Campbell M, Gonzalez NM, Silva RR: The pharmacologic treatment of conduct disorders and rage outbursts. Psychiatr Clin North Am 15:69–85, 1992.
Steingard RJ, Goldberg M, Lee D, et al: Adjunctive clonazepam treatment of tic symptoms in children with comorbid tic disorders and ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33:394–399, 1994.
Wilens T, Spencer T, Biederman J, et al: Combined pharmacotherapy: An emerging trend in pediatric psychopharmacology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:110–112, 1995.
Ciraulo DA, Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ, et al: Drug Interactions in Psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams & Wil-kins, 1989.
Werry JS, Carlielle J: The nuclear family, suburban neurosis, and iatrogenesis in Auckland mothers of young children. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 22:172–179, 1982.
Garrison JC: Histamine, bradykinin, 5-hydroxytryptamine and their antagonists, in Gilman AG, Rail TW, Nies AS, et al (eds): Goodman and Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ed 8. New York, Pergamon Press, 1990, pp 575–599.
Werry JS: Anticholinergic sedatives, in Burrows GD, Werry JS (eds): Advances in Human Psychopharmacology. Greenwich, Conn, JAI Press, 1980, pp 19–42.
Richman N: A double-blind drug trial of treatment in young children with waking problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 26:591–598, 1985.
Simeon J, Knott VJ, DuBois C, et al: Buspirone therapy of mixed anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence: A pilot study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 4:159–170, 1994.
Gross MD: Buspirone in ADHD with ODD [letter]. J Am Acad Adolesc Psychiatry 34:1260, 1995.
Mandoki M: Buspirone treatment of truamatic brain injury in a child who is highly sensitive to adverse effects of psychotropic medications. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 4:129–139, 1994.
Soni P, Weintraub AL: Buspirone associated mental changes. J Am Acad Adolesc Psychiatry 31:1098–1099, 1992.
Realmuto GL, August GJ, Garfinkel BD: Clinical effect of buspirone in autistic children. J Clin Psychopharmacol 9:122–125, 1989.
Zwier KJ, Rao U: Buspirone use in an adolescent with social phobia and mixed personality disorder (Cluster A type). J Am Acad Adolesc Psychiatry 33:1007–1011, 1994.
Gelenberg AJ, Bassuk EL, Schoonover SC: Practitioners Guide to Psychoactive Drugs ed 3. New York, Plenum, 1991, pp 199–200.
Hunt RD, Capper L, O’Connell P: Clonidine in child and adolescent psychiatry. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1:87–102, 1990.
Horrigan JP, Barnhill LJ: Guanfacine for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 5:215–223, 1995.
Gerber JG, Nies AS: Antihypertensive agents and the drug treatment of hypertension, in Gilman AG, Rail TW, Nies AS, Taylor P (eds): Goodman and Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics\ ed 8. New York, Pergamon Press, 1990.
Cohen DJ, Riddle MA, Leckman JF: Pharmacotherapy of Tourette’s syndrome and associated disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 15:109–130, 1992.
Chappie PB, Leckman JF, Riddle MA et al: The pharmacological treatment of tic disorders, in Riddle MA (ed): Pediatric psychopharmacology. Child Adolesc Clin North Am 4:197–216, 1995.
Horacek HJ: Clonidine extended-release capsules as an alternative to oral tablets and transdermal patches. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 4:211–212, 1994.
Lowenthal DT, Matzek KM, MacGregor TR: Clinical pharmacokinetics of Clonidine. Clin Pharmacokinet 14:287–310, 1988.
Hunt RD, Arnsten A, Asbell MD: An open trial of guanfacine in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in boys. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:50–54, 1995.
Swanson JM, Flockhart D, Udrea D, et al: Clonidine in the treatment of ADHD: Questions about safety and efficacy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 5:301–304, 1995.
Swanson JM, Udrea D, Cantwell D, et al: Clonidine in the treatment of children with ADHD I: Efficacy. Personal communication, 1995.
Hunt RD, Minderaa RB, Cohen DJ: Clonidine benefits children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity: Report of a double-blind placebo-crossover therapeutic trial. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 24:617–629, 1985.
Singer HS, Brown J, Quaskey S, et al: The treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Tourette’s Syndrome: A double blind placebo-controlled study with Clonidine and desipramine. Pediatrics 95:74–81, 1995.
Jaselskis CA, Cook EH, Fletcher KE, et al: Clonidine treatment of hyperactive and impulsive children with autistic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 12:322–327, 1992.
Fankhauser MP, Karumanchi VC, German ML, et al: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of transdermal Clonidine in autism. J Clin Psychiatry 53:77–82, 1992.
Ghaziuddin M, Tsai L, Ghaziuddin N: Clonidine for autism [letter to the editor]. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2, 1992.
Prince JB, Wilens TE, Biederman J, et al: Clonidine for sleep disturbances associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic chart review of 62 cases. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35:599–605, 1996.
Wilens T, Biederman J, Spencer T: Clonidine for sleep disturbances associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33:424–426, 1994.
Kemph JP, Devane CL, Levin GM, et al: Treatment of aggressive children with Clonidine: Results of an open pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:577–581, 1993.
Schvehla TJ, Mandoki MW, Sumner GS: Clonidine therapy for comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct. South Med J 87:692–695, 1994.
Stowe JK, Kreusi MJP, Lelio DF: Psychopharmacology of aggressive states and features of conduct disorder, in Riddle MA (ed): Pediatric psychopharmacology. Child Adolesc Clin North Am 4:359–380, 1995.
Althaus M, Vink HJ, Minderaa, RR et al: Lack of effect of Clonidine on stuttering in children. Am J Psychiatry 152:1087–1089, 1995.
Swanson JM, Udrea D, Cantwell D, et al: Clonidine in the treatment of children with ADHD II: Side effects. Personal communication, 1995.
Levin GM, Burton-Teston K, Murphy T: Development of precocious puberty in two children treated with Clonidine for aggressive behavior. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 3:127–131, 1993.
Hoffman BB, Lefkowitz RJ: Catehcolamines and sympthomimetic drugs, in Gilman AG, Rail TW, Nies AS, et al (eds): Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ed 8. New York, Pergamon Press, 1990.
Chandran KSK: ECG and Clonidine. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33:1351–1352, 1994.
Dawson PM, Zanden JAV, Werkman SW, et al: Cardiac dysrhythmia with use of Clonidine in explosive disorder. DICP, The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 23:465, 1989.
Popper CW: Combining methylphenidate and Clonidine: Pharmacologic questions and news reports about sudden death. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 5:157–167, 1995.
Wilens T, Biederman J: Safety of Clonidine and nortriptyline [letter]. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33:142–143, 1994.
Geller DA, Biederman J, Reed ED, et al: Similarities in response to fluoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:36–44,1995.
Fenichel RR: Combining methylphenidate and Clonidine: The role of post-marketing surveillance. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 5:155–156, 1995.
Henretig FM: Special considerations in the poisoned pediatric population. Emerg Med Clin North Am 12:549–567, 1994.
Wiley JF, Wiley CC, Torrey SB, et al: Clonidine poisoning in young children. J Pediatr 116:654–658,1990.
Cavallo A: The pineal gland in human beings: Relevance to pediatrics. J Pediatr 123:844–851, 1993.
Webb SM, Puig-Domingo M: Role of melatonin in health and disease. Clin Endocrinol 42:221–234, 1995.
Reiter RJ: The pineal gland and melatonin in relation to aging: A summary of theories and of the data. Exp Gerontol 30:199–212, 1995.
Masters KJ: Melatonin for sleep problems [letter]. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35:704, 1996.
Regestein QR, Pavlova M: Treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 17:335–345, 1995.
Palm L, Bleenow G, Wetterberg: Correction of a non-24-hour sleep/wake cycle by melatonin in a blind retarded boy. Ann Neurol 29:336–339, 1991.
Jan JE, Espezel H, Appleton RE: The treatment of sleep disorders with melatonin. Dev Med Child Neurol 36:97–107, 1994.
Kennedy SH: Melatonin disturbances in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Int J Eat Dis 16:257–265, 1994.
DeSmet PA, Nolen WA: St. John’s wort as an antidepressant [editorial]. Br Med J 313:241–245, 1996.
Linde K, Ramirez G, Mulrow CD, Pauls A, Weidenhammer W, Melchart D: St John’s wort for depression— an overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Br Med J 313:253–258, 1996.
Sokol MS, Campbell M: Novel psychotropic agents in the treatment of developmental disorders, in Aman MG, Singh NN (eds): Psychopharmacology of the Developmental Disorders. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1988, pp 146–167.
Goodwin FK, Jamison KR: Manie-Depressive Illness. London, Oxford University Press, 1990, pp 622–653.
Pinder RM, Brogden RN, Sawyer PR, et al: Fenfluramine: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in obesity. Drugs 10:241–328, 1975.
Aman MG, Kern RA: Review of fenfluramine in the treatment of the developmental disabilities. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 28:549–565, 1989.
Campbell M: Annotation: Fenfluramine treatment of autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 29:1–10, 1988.
Du Verglas G, Banks SR, Guyer KE: Clinical effects of fenfluramine on children with autism: A review of the research. J Autism Dev Disord 18:297–308, 1988.
Gillberg C, Aman MG, Reiss A: Fenfluramine, in Reiss S, Aman MG (eds.): Psychotropic Medications and Developmental Disabilities: The International Consensus Handbook. Columbus, Ohio, The Nisonger Center UAP, 1998.
Geller E, Ritvo ER, Freeman BJ, et al: Preliminary observation on the effect of fenfluramine on blood serotonin and symptoms in three autistic boys. N Engl J Med 307:165–169, 1982.
Donnelly M, Rapoport JL, Potter WZ, et al: Fenfluramine and dextroamphetamine treatment of childhood hyperactivity: Clinical and biochemical findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:205–212, 1989.
Selikowitz M, Sunman J, Pendergast A, et al: Fenfluramine in Prader—Willi syndrome: A double blind, placebo controlled trial. Arch Dis Child 65:112–114, 1990.
Aman MG, Kern RA, McGhee, et al: Fenfluramine and methylphenidate in children with mental retardation and ADHD: Clinical and side effects. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:851–859, 1993.
Aman MG, Kern RA, Osborne P, et al: Fenfluramine and methylphenidate in children with mental retardation and borderline IQ: Clinical effects. Am J Ment Retard 101:521–534, 1997.
Aman MG, Kern RA, Osborne P, et al: Fenfluramine and methylphenidate in children with mental retardation and borderline IQ: Cognitive effects. Unpublished manuscript, Ohio State University, 1998.
Connolly HM, Crary JL, McGoon MD, et al: Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine. N Engl J Med 337:581–588, 1997.
Graham DJ, Green L: Further cases of valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine. N Engl J Med 337:635, 1997.
Cannistra LB, Davis SM, Bauman AG: Valvular disease associated with dexfenfluramine. N Engl J Med 337:636., 1997.
FDA analysis of cardiac valvular dysfunction with use of appetite suppressants, http://www.fda.gov/cder/news/slide/index.htm.
Johannes L, Langreth R: Diet drugs’ side effects are still a mystery. The Wall Street Journal, September 18, 1997, pp. Bl, B5.
Harvey JA, McMaster SE: Fenfluramine: Evidence for a neurotoxic action on midbrain and a long-term depletion of serotonin. Psychopharmacol Commun 1:217–228, 1975.
Schuster CR, Lewis M, Seiden LS: Fenfluramine: Neurotoxicity. Psychopharmacol Bull 22:148–151, 1986.
Physicians’ Desk Reference, ed 46. Oradell, NJ, Medical Economics Co, 1992.
Arnold LE, Aman MG: Beta blockers in mental retardation and developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1:361–373, 1991.
Fraser WI, Ruedrich S, Kerr, M et al: Beta-adrenergic blockers, in Reiss S, Aman MG (eds): Psychoactive Medications and Developmental Disabilities: The International Consensus Handbook. Columbus, Ohio, The Nisonger Center UAP, 1998.
Neppe VM: Innovative Psychopharmacotherapy. New York, Raven Press, 1989.
Hoffman BB, Lefkowitz, RJ: Adrenergic receptor antagonists, in Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, et al (eds): Goodman and Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ed 8. New York, Pergamon Press, 1990, pp 221–243.
Holroyd KA, France JL, Cordingley GE, et al: Enhancing the effectiveness of relaxation-thermal biofeedback training with propranolol hydrochloride. J Consult Clin Psychol 2:327–330, 1995.
Holroyd KA, Penzien DB, Cordingley G: Propranolol in the management of recurrent migraine: A meta-analytic review. Headache 31:333–340, 1991.
Coffey BJ: Anxiolytics for children and adolescents. Traditional and new drugs. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1:57–83, 1990.
Kuperman S, Stewart MA: Use of propranolol to decrease aggressive outbursts in younger patients. Psychosomatics 28:315–319, 1987.
Connor DF: Nadolol for self-injury, overactivity, inattention, and aggression in a child with pervasive developmental disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 4:101–111, 1994.
Lang C, Remington D: Case study: Treatment with propranolol of severe self-injurious behavior in a blind, deaf, retarded adolescent. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33:265–269.
Schmidt JG, Dombovy ML, Watkins K: Treatment of viral encephalitis organic personality disorder and autistic features with propranolol: A case report. J Neurol Rehab 9:45–45, 1995.
Hayes PE, Schultz SC: Beta-blockers in anxiety disorders. J Affect Dis 13:119–130, 1987.
Famularo R, Kinscheroff R, Fenton T: Propranolol treatment for childhood post-traumatic stress disorder, acute type. Am J Dis Child 142:1244–1247, 1988.
Jaffe JH, Martin WR: Opioid analgesics and antagonists, in Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, et al (eds): Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ed 8. New York, Pergamon Press, 1990, pp 485–521.
Sandman CA, Datta PC, Barron J, et al: Naloxone attenuates self-abusive behavior in developmentally disabled clients. Appl Res Ment Retard 4:5–11, 1983.
Sandman CA: The opiate hypothesis in autism and self-injury. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1:237 – 248, 1990/1991.
Aman MG: Efficacy of psychotropic drugs for reducing self-injurious behavior in the developmental disabilities. Ann Clin Psychiatry 5:171–188, 1993.
Aman MG: Pharmacotherapy in the developmental disabilities: New developments. Aust N Z J Dev Disabil 17:183–199, 1991.
Sandman CA, Thompson T, Barrett R, et al: Opiate blockers, in Reiss S, Aman MG (eds): Psychotropic Medications and Developmental Disabilities: The International Consensus Handbook. Columbus, Ohio, The Nisonger Center UAP, 1998.
Hetrick W, Taylor D, Touchette P, et al: Treatment of self-injurious behavior with naltrexone: Effects in SIB, learning, and neurological function. Paper presented at the Gatlinburg Conference on Research and Theory in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, Key Biscayne, Fla, 1991.
Thompson T, Hackenberg T, Cerutti D, et al: Opioid antagonist effects on self-injury in adults with mental retardation: Response form and location as determinants of medication effects. Am J Ment Retard 99:85–102, 1994.
Sandman CA, Hetrick WP, Taylor DV, et al: Naltrexone reduces self-injury and improves learning. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1:1–17, 1993.
Campbell M, Anderson LT, Small AM, et al: Naltrexone in autistic children: Behavioral symptoms and attentional learning. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:1283–1291, 1993.
Willemsen-Swinkles SH, Buitelaar JK, Nijhof GJ, et al: Failure of naltrexone hydrochloride to reduce self-injurious and autistic behavior in mentally retarded adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:766–773, 1995.
Deutsch SI: Rationales for the administration of opiate antagonists in treating infantile autism. Am J Ment Defic 90:631–635, 1986.
Sahley TL, Panksepp J: Brain opioids and autism: An updated analysis of possible linkages. J Autism Dev Disabil 17:201–216, 1987.
Campbell M, Overall JE, Small AM, et al: Naltrexone in autistic children: An acute open dose range tolerance trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 28:200–206, 1989.
Willemsen-Swinkels SH, Buitelaar JK, Weijnen FG, et al: Placebo-controlled acute dosage naltrexone study in young autistic children. Psychiatry Res 58:203–215, 1995.
Kolmen BD, Feldman HM, Handen BL, et al: Naltrexone in young autistic children: A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:223–231, 1995.
Herman BH, Asleson GS, Powell A, et al: Cardiovascular and other physical effects of acute administration of naltrexone in autistic children. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 3:157–168, 1993.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Werry, J.S., Aman, M.G. (1999). Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Miscellaneous Drugs. In: Werry, J.S., Aman, M.G. (eds) Practitioner’s Guide to Psychoactive Drugs for Children and Adolescents. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0086-9_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0086-9_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-45885-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0086-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive