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Wallerian Degeneration

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Alterations of Metabolites in the Nervous System

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Abstract

The interruption of a peripheral nerve produces a predictable sequence of events in the distal segment. Morphological changes occur in all tissue constituents of the portion that has been separated from its parent cell body, but the fragmentation of the myelin sheath has attracted most attention. The phenomena in the distal segment are now called “Wallerian degeneration” in honor of Augustus V. Waller,1 who, in 1850, described them in the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves of the frog. The degeneration is also known as “direct,” as contrasted with “indirect,” Wallerian degeneration (see below). Axonal interruption leads to a characteristic response in the parent neuron, “axon reaction” including the phenomenon of “central chromatolysis.” This response is usually reversible, but some neurons disappear. Their death results in degeneration of the axon proximal to the original lesion. Thus, nerve interruption may lead to changes in the proximal segment, which are less dramatic than those of the distal segment. The proximal segment is said to undergo “indirect” Wallerian degeneration.2 Indirect Wallerian degeneration shows much species variation. It is most readily elicited in neonatal animals but occurs occasionally in adult experimental animals.

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  1. Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, and Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, 12208, USA

    Arnulf H. Koeppen

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  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Wards Island, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha

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Koeppen, A.H. (1985). Wallerian Degeneration. In: Lajtha, A. (eds) Alterations of Metabolites in the Nervous System. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6740-7_17

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