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Membrane Receptors for Polypeptide Hormones

  • Chapter
Methods in Membrane Biology

Abstract

Hormones are a group of compounds secreted by certain organs or cells into the circulation which act to coordinate and regulate the metabolic processes of other cells. The hormones are found in the circulation at very low concentrations (10−12 to 10−6M) and may be divided into three main chemical classes: peptides, steroids, and derivatives of aromatic amino acids. One characteristic feature of hormone action is that most hormones show a high degree of target tissue specificity. Over the past two decades a large number of laboratories have been studying the question of how hormones recognize their target organs. It is now clear that this hormone specificity is due to specific hormone binding sites called receptors in the target tissues. In the case of steroids, the hormones appear to enter the cell freely and bind to receptors which are intracellular and soluble (Baulieu et al., 1971). The primary event in the action of the polypeptide hormones and catecholamines, on the other hand, appears to be binding to specific receptor sites on the plasma membrane of the cell (Roth, 1973; Lefkowitz, 1973; Desbuquois and Cuatrecasas, 1973). The purpose of this chapter is to review recent work on the peptide hormone receptors with an emphasis on methodology and data analysis. The interaction of catecholamines with their receptors is also included since these compounds behave similarly. In this review, the term “receptor” will be used to refer only to that component of the membrane which selectively recognizes or discriminates a hormone in a specific binding reaction. The events occurring after hormone binding which eventually lead to the hormonal response will not be considered part of the receptor itself and will be designated as the “effector.” It should be emphasized, however, that not all hormone binding sites are necessarily receptors (i.e., involved in the biological response), since the membrane may possess degrading enzymes and other proteins which bind the hormone. The definitive determination that a binding site is the true receptor is often extremely difficult.

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  1. Diabetes Branch National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    C. Ronald Kahn

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  1. Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Edward D. Korn

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Kahn, C.R. (1975). Membrane Receptors for Polypeptide Hormones. In: Korn, E.D. (eds) Methods in Membrane Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0265-1_3

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