Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Terminal Transferase Positive Cells in the Human Bone Marrow and Thymus

  • Chapter
Terminal Transferase in Immunobiology and Leukemia

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 145))

  • 49 Accesses

Abstract

The original impetus for this study has been the urge for a better understanding of human leukaemias, and the need for developing sensitive single cell assays to recognize individual leukaemic cells. In order to achieve this aim, more had to be learned about the normal human cell types (so-called ‘normal equivalent’ cells) from which the leukaemias originate (1). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is one of the most useful markers in this respect for the following reasons. First, TdT is present in the vast majority of acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL, ref.2,3); thus anti-TdT antibody, developed by Bollum (4), can be used as a “pointer” to specifically recognize leukaemic cells (e.g. residual malignant cells in treated patients) and their normal counterparts. Second, being a nuclear enzyme it is convenient to use anti-TdT antibody in combinations with various antisera reacting with membrane antigens. With the help of these combined assays a surprisingly extensive phenotypic profiles can be assembled about the TdT positive cells in the bone marrow (BM)and thymus. These studies represent the overture for studies which will isolate these human cells and further analyse their functional characteristics and development potential in vitro.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. M. F. Greaves & G. Janossy: Patterns of gene expression and cellular origins of human leukaemias, Biochem.Biophys.Acta 516: 193–230 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R. P. McCaffrey, A. Harrison, B.S. Parkman & D. Baltimore: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in human leukaemic cells and normal thymocytes, N.Engl.J.Med, 292, 775–580 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A.V. Hoffbrand. K. Ganeshaguru, G. Janossy, M.F. Greaves, D. Catovsky & R.K. Woodruff: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase levels and membrane phenotypes in diagnosis of acute leukaemia. Lancet, ii, 520–523 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  4. F. J. Bollum: Antibody to terminai deoxynucieotidy1 transterase Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.U.S.A., 72: 4119–4112 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. G. Janossy, F.J. Bollum, K.F. Bradstock, A.McMichael, M. Rapson & M.F. Greaves: Terminal transferase positive human bone marrow cells exhibit the antigenic phenotype of non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, J. Immunoll, 123: 1525–1529. (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. K. F. Bradstock, G. Janossy, G. Pizzolo, A.V. Hoffbrand, A. Michael, J. R. Pilch, C. Milstein, P. Beverley & F. J. Bollum: Subpopulations of normal and leukaemic human thymocytes: An analysis with the use of monoclonal antibodies, J.Nat.Cancer.Inst, 65: 33–42 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. G. Janossy, F.J. Bollum, K. Bradstock & J. Ashley: Cellular phenotypes of normal and leukaemic haemopoietic cells determined by selected antibody combinations, Blood, 56: 430–441. (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. M. F. Greaves, D. Delia, R. Newman & L. Vodinelich: Analysis of leukaemic cells with monoclonal antibodies. In: Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Medicine (ed.A. McMichael and J. Fabre) Academic Press, London (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. Janossy, G. Francis, D. Capellaro, A.H. Goldstone & M.F. Greaves: Cell sorter analysis of leukaemia-associated antigens on human myeloid precursors. Nature 276: 176–8 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Janossy, N. Tidman, E.S. Papageorgiou, P.C. Kung & G. Goldstein: Distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in the human bone marrow and thymus - an analysis with monoclonal antibodies. J.Immunol, 126: 1608–13 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. F. Greaves: Monoclonal antibodies as probes for leukaemic heterogeneity and haemopoietic differentiation. In: Leukaemia Markers (ed. W. Knapp) Academic Press, New York, pp 19–32 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. Ritz, J.M. Pesando, Notis-McConarty, H. Lazarus & S.F Schlossman: A monoclonal antibody to human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen. Nature 283: 583. (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. K. Liszka, O. Majdic, P. Bettelheim & W. Knapp: A monoclonal antibody (VIL-Al) reactive with common acute lymphatic leukaemia cells. In: Leukaemia markers (ed. W. Knapp) Academic Press, London/New York, pp 61–64 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  14. T. Le Bienj. R. McKenna, C. Abramson, K. Gajl-Peczalska, M. Nesbitt, P. Coccia, C. Bloomfield, R. Brunning & J. Kersey: The use of monoclonal antibodies, morphology and cytochemistry to probe the cellular heterogeneity of acute leukaemia and lymphoma.Cancer Research. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  15. M. Bodger, G. E. Francis, D. Delia, J. A.Thomas, S. M. Granger & G. Janossy: A monoclonal antibody specific for immature human haemopoietic cells and T lineage cells. J. Immunol, in press (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. H. Crawford, G. E. Francis, M. A. Wing, A. J. Edwards, G. Janossy, A.V. Hoffbrand, H.G.Prentice, D.Secher, I.McConnell, P.C.Kung & G.Goldstein: Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with human myeloid precursor cells. Brit.J.Haematol., 49: in press (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  17. L. B. Vogler, L. J. Preud’honnne, M. Seligman, W. E. Gathings, W. M. Crist, M. D. Cooper & F. J. Bollum: Diversity of immunoglobulin expression in leukaemia cells resembling B lymphocyte precursors. Nature, 290, 339–341 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Minowada, K. Koshiba, G. Janossy, M. F. Greaves & F. J. Bollum: A Ph’ chromosome positive human leukaemia cell line (NALM-1) with pre-B cell characteristics. Leuk.Research, 2 261–266 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. M. F. Greaves, W. Verbi, L. Vogler, M. Cooper, R. Ellis, K. Ganeshaguru, A. V. Hoffbrand, G. Janossy & F. J. Bollum: Antigenic and enzymatic phenotypes of the pre-B subclass of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leuk.Research, 3: 353–362 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M. F. Greaves, D. Delia, G. Janossy, C. Pain, S. Johnson, & T.A. Lister: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia associated antigen. IV. Expression on non-leukaemia ‘lymphoid’ cells. Leuk.Research, 4: 15–32 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. K. F. Bradstock, G. Janossy, A. V. Hoffbrand, K. Ganeshaguru, P. Llewelin, H. G. Prentice & F. J. Bollum: Immunofluorescent and biochemical studies of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in treated acute leukaemia. Br.J.Haematol., 121–131 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  22. G. Janossy, J. A. Thomas, F. J. Bollum, S. Mattingly, G. Pizzolo, K. F. Bradstock, L. Wong, K. Ganeshaguru & A. V. Hoffbrand: The human thymic microenvironment: an immunohistological study. J.Immunol., 125: 202–212 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. B. Mills, L. Sen & L. Borella: Reactivity of antihuman thjnnocyte srum with acute leukemic blasts. J.Immunol., 115: 1038–1044 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S. F. Schlossman, L. Chess, R. E. Humphreys & J. L. Strominger: Distribution of la-like molecules on the surface of normal and leukemic human cells. Proc.Natn.Acad.Sci.USA, 73: 1288–1299 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. 25.G. Janossy: Membrane Markers. In: Methods in Haematology. The Leukaemic Cell. (Ed. D. Catovsky) Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh/New York.

    Google Scholar 

  26. E. N. Forman, T. Padre-Mendoza, P. S. Smith, B. E. Barker & P. Fames: Ph’-positive childhood leukaemias. Spectrum of lymphoid-myeloid expressions. Blood, 49: 549–558 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. G. Janossy, R. K. Woodruff, A. Paxton, M. F. Greaves, D. Capellaro, B. Kirk, E. M. Innes, O. B. Eden, C. Lewis, D. Catovsky & A.V. Hoffbrand: Membrane marker and cell separation studies in Ph’ positive leukemia. Blood, 861–877 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  28. N. Tidman, G. Janossy, M. Bodger, S. Granger, P. C. Kung & G. Goldstein: Delineation of human thymocyte differentiation pathways utilizing double staining techniques with monoclonal antibodies. Clin.exp.Immunol., 45: 457–467 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. E. L. Reinherz, P. C. Kung, G. Goldstein, R. H. Levey & S. F. Schlossman: Discrete stages of human intrath3niiic differentiation: analysis of normal thymocytes and leukemic blasts of T lineage. Proc.Natn.Acad.Sci.USA, 1588–1592 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  30. W. Verbi, M. F. Greaves, K. Koubek, G. Janossy, H. Stein, P. C. Kung & G. Goldstein: 0KT11 and 0KT11A: monoclonal antibodies with pan T reactivity which block sheep erythrocyte ‘receptors’ on T cells. Eur.J.Immunol. in press (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  31. G. Janossy, A. V. Hoffbrand, M. F. Greaves, K. Ganeshaguru, C. Pain, K. F. Bradstock, H. G. Prentice & H. E. M. Kay: Terminal transferase enzyme assay and immunological membrane markers in the diagnosis of leukaemia - a multi-parameter analysis of 300 cases. Brit.J. Haematol., 221–234 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  32. D. Catovsky, M. Cherchi, M. F. Greaves, G. Janossy, C. Pain & H. E. M. Kay: Acid-phosphatase reaction in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet, i: 749–751 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. R. Sutherland, D. Delia, C. Schneider, R. Newman, J. Kemshead & M. F. Greaves: Ubiquitous cell surface glycoprotein on tumour cells is proliferation-associated receptor for transferrin. Proc.Natn. Acad.Sci.USA, in press (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  34. E. Fithian, P. C. Kung, G. Goldstein, M. Rubenfeld, C. Fenoglio & R. Edelson: Reactivity of Langerhans cells with hybridoma antibody. Proc.Natn.Acad.Sci.USA, 2541–2544 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  35. I. Goldschneider, A. Ahmed, F. J. Bollum & A. L. Goldstein: Induction of terminal transferase and Lyt antigens with thymosin: identification of multiple subsets of prothymocytes in mouse bone marrow and spleen. Proc.Natn.Acad.Sci.USA, 78: 2469–2475 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. K. F. Bradstock, G. Janossy, N. Tidman, E. S. Papageorgiou, H. G. Prentice, M. Willoughby & A. V. Hoffbrand: Immunological monitoring of residual disease in treated th3miic acute l)miphoblastic leukaemia. Leuk.Research, 301–309 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  37. K. F. Bradstock, E. S. Papageorgiou & G. Janossy: Diagnosis of meningeal involvement in patients with acute l3niiphoblastic leukaemia using immunofluorescence for terminal transferase. Cancer, 2478–2481 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  38. G. Janossy: Differentiation of human bone marrow cells and thymocytes. In: Leukaemia Markers (ed. W. Knapp) Academic Press, London/New York, pp 45–55 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  39. K. F. Bradstock, A. V. Hoffbrand, K. Ganeshaguru, P. Llewelin, K. Patterson, B. Wonke, G. Pizzolo, H. G. Prentice, M. Bennett & G. Janossy: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression in acute non-lymphoid leukaemia - an analysis by immunofluorescence. Brit.J.Haematol., 133–142 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  40. B. I. S. Srivastava, S. A. Khan & E. S. Henderson: High terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Research, 3847–3850 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  41. G. Janossy, M. F. Greaves, D. Capellaro, M. Roberts & A. H. Goldstone: Membrane marker analysis of ‘lymphoid’ and myeloid blast crisis in Ph’ positive (chronic myeloid) leukaemia. In: Immunological Diagnosis of Leukemias and Lymphomas (Eds. S. Thierfelder, H. Rodt & E. Thiel) Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/ New York, pp 97–107 (1977).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  42. G. Janossy, M. F. Greaves, R. Sutherland, J. Durrant & C. Lewis: Comparative analysis of membrane phenotypes in acute lymphoid leukemia and in l3miphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk.Research, 1: 289–300 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. G. Flandrin & M. T. Daniel: Cytochemistry in the classification of leukemia. In: The Leukaemic Cell (Ed. D. Catovsky) Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh/ New York, pp.24–48 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  44. G. Janossy, M. Roberts & M. F. Greaves: Target cell in chronic myeloid leukaemia and its relationship to acute lymphoid leukaemia. Lancet, ii: 1958–1969 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  45. R. L. Vines, M. S. Coleman & J. J. Hutton: Reappearance of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase containing cells in rat bone marrow following corticosteroid administration. Blood, 56: 501–509 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. H. A. S. Moore, H. E. Broxmeyer, A. P. C. Sheridan, P. A. Meyers, N. Jacobsen & R. J. Winchester: Continuous human bone marrow culture: la antigen characterisation of probable pluripotential stem cell. Blood, 682–690, (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  47. B. Netzel, R. J. Haas, H. Rodt, H. J. Kolb, B. Belohradsky & S. Thierfelder: Anti-leukaemic autologous bone marrow transplantation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Transplant. Proc., 13: 254–256 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. R. Mertelsmann: TdT in the clinical and pathophysiological evaluation of human leukaemias. This volume.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Immunology and Haematology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Hampstead, London NW3, England

    G. Janossy, N. Tidman, K. F. Bradstock & A. V. Hoffbrand

  2. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 20014, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    F. J. Bollum

Authors
  1. G. Janossy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. Tidman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. F. Bradstock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. V. Hoffbrand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. F. J. Bollum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. CNR Institute of Biochemical and Evolutionary Genetics, Pavia, Italy

    Umberto Bertazzoni (CEC Official) (CEC Official)

  2. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    F. J. Bollum

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Janossy, G., Tidman, N., Bradstock, K.F., Hoffbrand, A.V., Bollum, F.J. (1982). Terminal Transferase Positive Cells in the Human Bone Marrow and Thymus. In: Bertazzoni, U., Bollum, F.J. (eds) Terminal Transferase in Immunobiology and Leukemia. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 145. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8929-3_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8929-3_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8931-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8929-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation