Abstract
Insulin or insulin-like peptides have been reported to be present in, and may be synthesized by, organisms that do not have pancreatic beta cells (LeRoith, et al., 1980, 1981, 1983; Falkner, et al., 1975; Meneses and Oritz, 1975; Duve and Thorpe, 1979; Yuri, et al., 1980)., Similar reports have appeared claiming localization and possible synthesis of insulin in the extrapancreatic tissues of vertebrates (Hendricks, et al.,1983). Proposed extrapancreatic sites of insulin synthesis in mammalian species have including the brain (Havrankova, et al., 1978; Raizada, et al., 1979; Bernstein, et al., 1980; Rosenzweig, et al.,1980; Stevenson, 1982; Raizada, et al., 1983; Lee, et al., 1984; Clarke, et al., 1986), rodent and human pituitary (Hatfield, et al., 1981; Budd, et al., 1986; Budd, et al., 1987), rodent and human retina (Das et al., 1984, 1985), human retinoblastoma cells (Pansky, et al., 1986),, yolk sac (Muglia and Locker, 1984), human placenta (Liu, et al., 1985) and mouse seminal vesicle (Stahler et al., 1986, 1987).
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Budd, G.C., Pansky, B. (1987). Synthesis of Insulin or a Similar Peptide in the Pituitary Gland and in Retinal Muller Cells. In: Raizada, M.K., Phillips, M.I., LeRoith, D. (eds) Insulin, Insulin-like Growth Factors, and Their Receptors in the Central Nervous System. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5380-5_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5380-5_11
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