Abstract
The surface area of the intestine is one factor which makes it such an effective absorptive organ but it also permits considerable exposure to the enormous quantities of antigenic material within its lumen. The intestinal mucosa is widely thought to be impermeable to large molecular weight substances and food is generally absorbed in digested form. However, if the contents of the intestine act as antigens they must cross the external chemical and physical barriers in the lumen and gain access to the immune mechanisms within the body. That macromolecules are absorbed has been suspected since 1864 when Stokvis showed that after the ingestion of large amounts of egg proteins patients developed proteinuria and he suggested that some protein was being absorbed intact and secreted by the kidney.
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Swarbrick, E.T. (1981). The Handling of Ingested Antigens. In: Wilkinson, A.W. (eds) The Immunology of Infant Feeding. Ettore Majorana International Science Series, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4049-2_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4049-2_2
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