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Acute Alcohol Intoxication, the Disulfiram Reaction, and Methyl Alcohol Intoxication

  • Chapter
The Biology of Alcoholism

Abstract

At the outset the difference between alcoholic intoxication and the alcohol withdrawal syndrome must be clarified. Intoxication is the well-known clinical effect of alcohol on the body, mediated through its tranquilizing and sedating effect on the central nervous system, beginning with mood changes and progressing through psychomotor retardation and reflex slowing to lethargy and sleep. If it is severe enough it can lead to coma and occasionally death. Persons with mild intoxication are seldom considered an acute medical problem except for the occasional complicating trauma, infection, heat or cold injury, or chronic deterioration which is often caused by repeated bouts of intoxication (Leevy, 1967; Lieber, 1967). The withdrawal syndrome, however, is the condition in which the sedative effects of alcohol are wearing off and the body evinces an agitation, suggesting a supersensitivity to adrenergic and cholinergic stimulation (Jaffe and Sharpless, 1968; Kalant, 1969). Hyperactivity, tremors, and delerium threaten health and life and in themselves prompt medical assistance. Both states may merge into one, and a person who is intoxicated, even semicomatose, when first seen may, within a few hours of the sedating alcohol wearing off, show signs of the abstinence-withdrawal syndrome.

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  1. Manhattan Bowery Project, New York, New York, USA

    Robert Morgan (Medical Director)

  2. Men’s Shelter Clinic, Saint Vincent’s Hospital, New York, New York, USA

    Edward J. Cagan

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  1. Division of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence Department of Psychiatry Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA

    Benjamin Kissin  & Henri Begleiter  & 

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Morgan, R., Cagan, E.J. (1974). Acute Alcohol Intoxication, the Disulfiram Reaction, and Methyl Alcohol Intoxication. In: Kissin, B., Begleiter, H. (eds) The Biology of Alcoholism. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2937-4_5

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