Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Immunology of Cytomegalovirus

  • Chapter
Immunology of Human Infection

Part of the book series: Comprehensive Immunology ((COMIMUN,volume 9))

  • 172 Accesses

Abstract

The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes an infection that is strongly influenced by the immune status of the individual and that also has profound consequences for the immune system. Like other herpesviruses, after acute infection CMV enters a state of latency that is maintained principally by cellular immune mechanisms. One site of latency is probably the lymphoid cells, so that infection may suppress the very immune responses the host depends on to combat disease. As a cause of congenital infection and mental retardation, CMV is unequaled among viruses, and immunological methods to prevent infection by this virus are badly needed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abdallah, P. S., Mark, J. B. D., and Merigan, T. C., 1976, Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in compromised hosts, Am. J. Med. 61:326–332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ablashi, D. V., Chopra, H. C., and Armstrong, G. R., 1972, A cytomegalovirus isolated from an owl monkey. Lab. Anim. Sci. 22:190–195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agatsuma, Y., Fitzpatrick, P., Baliah, T., Kaul, A., Kim, P-K., and Ogra, P. L., 1979, Cell-mediated immunity to cytomegalovirus in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, J. Med. Virol. 4:147–157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albrecht, T., and Rapp, F., 1973, Malignant transformation of hamster embryo fibroblasts following exposure to ultraviolet-irradiated human cytomegalovirus. Virology 55:53–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, H. K., 1970, Complement-fixing and virus-neutralizing antibodies in cytomegalovirus infections as measured against homologous and heterologous antigens, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Ser. B 78:504–508.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, H. K., 1972, The influence of complement on cytomegalovirus neutralization by antibodies. Arch. Gesamte Virusforsch. 36:133–140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, P., and Andersen, H. K., 1975, Smooth-muscle antibodies and other tissue antibodies in cytomegalovirus infection, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 22:22–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, D., Haghbin, M., Balakrishnan, S. L., and Murphy, M. L., 1971, Asymptomatic cytomegalovirus infection in children with leukemia. Am. J. Dis. Child. 122:404–407.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arvin, A. M., Yeager, A. S., and Merigan, T. C., 1976, Effect of leukocyte interferon on urinary excretion of cytomegalovirus by infants, J. Infect. Dis. 133:A205-A210.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asher, D. M., Gibbs, C. J., Jr., Lang, D. J., and Gajdusek, D. C., 1974, Persistent shedding of cytomegalovirus in the urine of healthy rhesus monkeys, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 145:794–801.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ballard, R. A., Drew, W. L., Hufnagle, K. G., and Riedel, P. A., 1979, Acquired cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants. Am. J. Dis. Child. 133:482–485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, E. V., Bluestone, R., Cracchiolo, A., Kantor, G. L., and Mcintosh, R. M., 1970, Cytoglobulinemia and disease, Ann. Intern. Med. 73:95–107.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bayer, W. L., and Tegtmeier, G. E., 1976, The blood donor: Detection and magnitude of cytomegalovirus carrier states and the prevalence of cytomegalovirus antibody, Yale J. Biol. Med. 49:5–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, P., Melnick, J. L., and Mayor, H. D., 1965, A morphologic comparison between the developmental stages of herpes zoster and human cytomegalovirus, Exp. Mol. Pathol. 4:11–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, J. W. T., Bodden, S. J., and Tobin, J. O’H., 1979, Cytomegalovirus and blood transfusion in neonates, Arch. Dis. Child. 54:538–541.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benyesh-Melnick, M., Probstmeyer, F., McCombs, R., Brunschwig, J. P., and Vonka, V., 1966a, Correlation between infectivity and physical virus particles in human cytomegalovirus, J. Bacteriol. 92:1555–1561.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benyesh-Melnick, M., Vonka, V., Probstmeyer, F., and Wimberly, I., 1966b, Human Cytomegalovirus: Properties of the complement-fixing antigen, J. Immunol. 96:2, 261–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berenberg, W., and Nankervis, G., 1970, Long-term follow-up of cytomegalic inclusion disease of infancy. Pediatrics 46:46–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betts, R. F., Freeman, R. B., Douglas, R. G., Jr., Talley, T. E., and Rundell, B., 1975, Transmission of cytomegalovirus infection with renal allograft. Kidney Int. 8:387–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Betts, R. F., George, S. D., Rundell, B. B., Freeman, R. B., and Douglas, R. G., 1976, Comparative activity of immunofluorescent antibody and complement-fixing antibody in cytomegalovirus infection, J. Clin. Microbiol. 4:2, 151–156.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bia, F. J., Hastings, K., and Hsiung, G. D., 1979, Cytomegalovirus infection in guinea pigs. III. Persistent viruria, blood transmission, and viral interference, J. Infect. Dis. 140:914–920.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black, F. L., Hierholzer, W. J., Pinheiro, F. P., Evans, A. S., Woodall, J. P., Opton, E. M., Emmons, J. E., West, B. S., Edsall, G., Downs, W., and Wallace, G. D., 1974, Evidence of persistence of infectious agents in isolated human populations. Am. J. Epidemiol. 100:230–250.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bluestone, R., Goldberg, L. S., Tucker, S. M., and Stern, H., 1973, Serological studies in asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection.Arch. Dis. Child. 48:738–740.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boldogh, I., Gonczol, E., Gartner, L., and Vaczi, G., 1977, Expression of the human cytomegalovirus genome in mouse cells and human-mouse heterokaryons, Arch. Virol. 53:101–108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonkowsky, H. L., Lee, R. V., and Klatskin, G., 1975, Acute granulomatous hepatitis: Occurrence in cytomegalovirus mononucleosis, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 233:1284–1288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Booss, J., and Wheelock, E. F., 1977, Progressive inhibition of T-cell function preceding clinical signs of cytomegalovirus infection in mice, J. Infect. Dis. 135:478–481.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brautigam, A. R., Dutko, F. J., Olding, L. B., and Oldstone, M. B. A., 1979, Pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection: The macrophage as a permissive cell for cytomegalovirus infection, J. Gen. Virol. 44:349–359.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caul, E. O., Clarke, S. K. R., Mott, M. G., Perham, T. G. M., and Wilson, S. E., 1971, Cytomegalovirus infections after open heart surgery. Lancet 1:777.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caul, E. O., Dickinson, V. A., Roome, A. P., Mott, M. D., and Stevenson, P. A., 1972, Cytomegalovirus infections in leukemic children. Int. J. Cancer 10:213–220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chalmer, J. E., MacKenzie, J. S., and Stanley, N. F., 1977, Resistance to murine cytomegalovirus linked to the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse, J. Gen. Virol. 37:107–114.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheeseman, S. H., Rubin, R., Stewart, J. A., Tolkoff- Rubin, N. E., Cosimi, A. B., Cantell, K., Gilbert, J., Winkle, S., Herrin, J. T., Black, P. H., Russell, P. S., and Hirsch, M. S., 1979, Controlled clinical trial of prophylactic human-leukocyte interferon in renal transplantation, New Engl. J. Med. 300:1345–1349.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang, W., Wentworth, B., and Alexander, R. E., 1970, The use of immunofluorescence techniques for the determination of antibodies to cytomegalovirus strains in human sera, J. Immunol. 104:992–999.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chi’ens, L. T., Cannon, N. J., Whitley, R. J., Diethelm, A. G., Dismukes, W. E., Scott, C. W., Buchanan, R. A., and Alford, C. A., 1974, Effect of adenine arabinoside on cytomegalovirus infections, J. Infect. Dis. 130:32–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi, Y. C., and Hsiung, G. D., 1978, Cytomegalovirus in guinea pigs. II. Transplacental and horizontal transmission, J. Infect. Dis. 138:197–202.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Churchill, A. E., Chubb, R. C., and Baxendale, W., 1969, The attentuation with loss of oncogenicity, of the herpes-type virus of Marek’s disease (strain HPRS-16) on passage in cell culture, J. Gen. Virol. 4:557–564.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, F., Meyer, D., and Hughes, W. T., 1975, Cytomegalovirus in tears from patients with normal eyes and with acute cytomegalovirus chorioretinitis. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 80:817–824.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craighead, J. E., Kanich, R. E., and Almeida, J. D., 1972, Non viral microbodies with viral antigenicity produced in cytomegalovirus-infected cells, J. Virol. 10:766–775.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cremer, N. E., Schmidt, N. J., Jensen, F., Hoffman, M., Oshiro, L. S., and Lennette, E. H., 1975, Complement- fixing antibody in human sera reactive with viral and soluble antigens of cytomegalovirus, J. Clin. Microbiol. 1:3, 262–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cremer, N. E., Hoffman, M., and Lennette, E. H., 1978a, Analysis of antibody assay methods and classes of viral antibodies in serodiagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection, J. Clin. Micro. 8:153–159.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cremer, N. E., Hoffman, M., and Lennette, E. H., 1978b, Role of rheumatoid factor in complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination tests for immunoglobulin M antibody to cytomegalovirus, J. Clin. Micro. 8:160–165.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, L. E., Stewart, J. A., and Garvin, S., 1975, Cytomegalovirus infection: A seroepidemiologic comparison of nuns and women from a venereal disease clinic. Am. J. Epidemiol. 102:4, 327–330.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deforest, A., Huang, N. N., Laraya-Cuasay, L. R., Huff, D. S., and Lischner, H. W., 1974, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) chronic interstitial pneumonitis in infancy, Pediatr. Res. 8:423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deibel, R., Smith, R., Clarke, L. M., Decher, W., and Jacobs, J., 1974, Cytomegalovirus infections in New York State, N.Y. State J. Med. 74:785–791.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, R. D., Keller, R., Lee, G., and Finkel, D., 1977, Lysis of cytomegalovirus-infected human fibroblasts and transformed human cells by peripheral blood lymphoid cells from normal human donors, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. 154:259–263.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dienstag, J. L., Cline, W. L., and Purcell, R. H., 1976, Detection of cytomegalovirus antibody by immune adherence hemagglutination, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 153:543–548.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diosi, P., Arcan, P., and Plavosin, L., 1974, Genetic control of resistance to mouse cytomegalovirus infection. Arch. Gesamte Virusforsch. 44:23–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dreesman, G. R., and Benyesh-Melnick, M., 1967, Spectrum of human cytomegalovirus complement-fixing antigens, J. Immunol. 99:1106–1114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorfman, L. J., 1973, Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in adults, Neurology 23:136–144.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dowling, J. N., Saslow, A. R., Armstrong, J. A., and Ho, M., 1976, Cytomegalovirus infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatologic disorders, J. Infect. Dis. 133:399–408.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dowling, J. N., Wu, B. C., Armstrong, J. A., and Ho, M., 1977, Enhancement of murine cytomegalovirus infection during graft vs. host reaction, J. Infect. Dis. 135:990–994.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elek, S. D., and Stern, H., 1974, Development of a vaccine against mental retardation caused by cytomegalovirus infection in utero, Lancet 1:1–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elfenbein, G. J., Anderson, P. B., Humphrey, R. L., Mullins, G. M., Sensenbrenner, L. A., Wands, J. R., and Santos, G. W., 1976, Immune system reconstitution following allogenic bone marrow transplantation in man: A multi-parameter analysis. Transplant. Proc. 8:641–646.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Embil, J. A., Ozere, R. L., and Haldane, E. V., 1970, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in two siblings from consecutive pregnancies, J. Pediatr. 77:417–421.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Embil, J. A., MacDonald, J. M., and Scott, K. E., 1975, Survey of a neonatal population for the prevalence of cytomegalovirus, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 7:165–167.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emodi, G., and Just, M., 1975, New lights on cytomegalovirus infection and disease. Pediatrics 4:155–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emodi, G., O’Reilly, R., Muller, A., Everson, L. K., Binswanger, U., and Just, M., 1976, Effect of human exogenous leukocyte interferon in cytomegalovirus infections, J. Infect. Dis. 133:A199-A204.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, T. J., McCollum, J. P. K., and Valdimarsson, H., 1975, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection after maternal renal transplantation. Lancet 1:1359–1360.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiala, M., Payne, J. E., Berne, T. V., Moore, T. C., Henle, W., Montgomerie, J. Z., Chatterjee, S. N., and Guze, L. B., 1975, Epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation and immunosuppression, J. Infect. Dis. 132:421–423.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fioretti, A., Furukawa, T., Santoli, D., and Plotkin, S. A., 1973, Nonproductive infection of guinea pig cells with human cytomegalovirus, J. Virol. 11:998–1003.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fortunato, J., Goldschmidt, B., Menonna, J., Dowling, P., and Cook, S., 1977, Rapid detection of antibodies to cytomegalovirus by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, J. Infect. Dis. 135:432–437.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, K. M., and Jack, I., 1969, A prospective study of the role of cytomegalovirus in post-transfusion mononucleosis, N. Engl. J. Med. 280:1311.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foy, H. M., Kenny, G. E., Wentworth, B. B., Johnson, W. L., and Grayston, J. T., 1970, Isolation oi Mycoplasma hominis, T-strains, and cytomegalovirus from the cervix of pregnant women. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 106:635–643.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuccillo, D. A., Moder, F. L., Traub, R. G., Hensen, S., and Sever, J. L., 1971a, Microindirect hemagglutination test for cytomegalovirus, Appl. Microbiol. 21:104–107.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuccillo, D. A., Sever, J., Moder, F., Chen, T., Catalano, L., and Johnson, L., 1971b, Cytomegalovirus antibody in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix, Obstet. Gynecol. 38:599–601.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furukawa, T., Jensen, F., Fioretti, A., and Plotkin, S. A., 1972, Precipitin antibody in human cytomegalovirus infection; Abstracts of the annual meeting—7972 American Society for Microbiology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furukawa, T., Fioretti, A., and Plotkin, S. A., 1973, Growth characteristics of cytomegalovirus in human fibroblasts with demonstration of protein synthesis early in viral replication, J. Virol. 11:991–997.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furukawa, T., Tanaka, S., and Plotkin, S. A., 1975a, Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus by Rifampin, J. Gen. Virol. 28:355–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furukawa, T., Tanaka, S., and Plotkin, S. A., 1975b, Stimulation of macromolecular synthesis in guinea pig cells by human CMV, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 148:211–290.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furukawa, T., Hornberger, E., Sakuma, S., and Plotkin, S. A., 1975c, Demonstration of immunoglobulin G receptors induced by human cytomegalovirus, J. Clin. Microbiol. 2:332–336.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furukawa, T., Yoshimura, N., Jean, J-H., and Plotkin, S. A., 1979, Chronically persistent infection with human cytomegalovirus in human lymphocytes, J. Infect. Dis. 139:211–214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, M. B., Officer, J. E., Parker, J., Estes, J. D., and Rongey, R. W., 1974, Induction of disseminated virulent cytomegalovirus infection by immunosuppression of naturally chronically infected wild mice. Infect. Immun. 10:4, 966–969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrido, F., Schirrmacher, V., and Festenstein, H., 1976, H-2-like specificities of foreign haplotypes appearing on a mouse sarcoma after vaccinia virus infection, Nature (London) 259:228–230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geder, L., 1976, Evidence for early nuclear antigens in cytomegalovirus-infected cells, J. Gen. Virol. 32:315–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geder, L., Lausch, R., O’Neill, F., and Rapp, F., 1976, Oncogenic transformation of human embryo lung cells by human cytomegalovirus. Science 11:1134–1137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gehrz, R. C., Marker, S. C., Knorr, S. O., Kalis, J. M., and Balfour, H. H., 1977, Specific cell-mediated immune defect in active cytomegalovirus infection of young children and their mothers. Lancet 2:844–847.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerna, G., McCloud, C. J., and Chambers, R. W., 1976, Immunoperoxidase technique for detection of antibodies to human cytomegalovirus, J. Clin. Microbiol. 3:364–372.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giraldo, G., Beth, E., and Kourilsky, F. M., 1975, Antibody patterns to herpesvirus in Kaposi’s sarcoma: Serological association of European Kaposi’s sarcoma with cytomegalovirus. Int. J. Cancer 15:839–848.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glazer, J. P., Friedman, H. M., Grossman, R. A., Starr, S. E., Barker, C. F., Perloff, L. J., Huang, E-S., and Plotkin, S. A., 1979, Live cytomegalovirus vaccination of renal transplant candidates. A preliminary trial, Ann. Intern. Med. 91:676–683.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, J. M., and Aisenberg, A. C., 1970, Incidence of antibody to EB virus, herpes simplex, and cytomegalovirus in Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer 28:327–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, B. J., Minamishima, Y., Dreesman, G. R., Haines, H. G., and Benyesh-Melnick, M., 1971, Complement-requiring neutralizing antibodies in hyperimmune sera to human cytomegaloviruses, J. Immunol. 107:1618–1630.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granstrom, M. L., Leinikki, P., Santavuori, P., and Pettay, O., 1977, Perinatal cytomegalovirus infection in man. Arch. Dis. Child. 52:354–359.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, J. F., 1971, Nervous system manifestations of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 13:520–532.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groshong, T., Horowitz, S., Lovchik, J., Davis, A., and Hong, R., 1976, Chronic cytomegalovirus infection, immunodeficiency, and monoclonal gammopathy—anti- gen-driven malignancy? J. Pediatr. 88:217–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, P., St. Jeor, S., and Rapp, F., 1977, Comparison of the polypeptides of several strains of human cytomegalovirus, J. Gen. Virol. 34:447–454.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haldane, E. V., Embil, J. A., and Wall, A. D., 1969, A serological study of cytomegalovirus infection in the population of Easter Island, Bull. WHO 40: 969–973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanshaw, J. B., 1971, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: A fifteen year perspective, J. Infect. Dis. 123:555–561.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanshaw, J. B., Betts, R. F., Simon, G., and Boynton, R. C., 1963, Acquired cytomegalovirus infection: Association with hepatomegaly and abnormal liver-function tests, N. Engl. J. Med. 272:12, 603–609.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanshaw, J. B., Steinfeld, H. J., and White, C. J., 1968, Flourescent-antibody test for cytomegalovirus macrog- lobulin, N. Engl. J. Med. 279:566–570.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanshaw, J. B., Niederman, J. C., and Chessin, L. N., 1972, Cytomegalovirus macroglobulin in cell-associated herpesvirus infections, J. Infect. Dis. 125:3, 304–306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanshaw, J. B., Scheiner, A. P., Moxley, A. W., Gaev, L., Abel, v., and Scheiner, B., 1976, School failure and deafness after “silent” congenital cytomegalovirus infection, N. Eng. J. Med. 295:468–470.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harnden, D. G., Elsdale, T. R., Young, D. E., and Ross, A., 1967, The isolation of cytomegalovirus from peripheral blood. Blood 30:120–125.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A. I., Meyer, R. J., and Brody, E. A., 1975, Cytomegalovirus-induced thrombocytopenia and hemolysis in an adult, Ann. Intern. Med. 83:5, 670–671.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, K., Danks, D. M., and Gibas, H., 1972, Cytomegalovirus in human milk, N. Engl. J. Med. 287:177–178.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henle, W., Henle, G., Scriba, M., Joyner, C. R., Harrison, F. S., von Essen, R., Paloheimo, J., and Klemola, E., 1970, Antibody responses to the Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegaloviruses after open-heart and other surgery, N. Engl. J. Med. 282:1068–1074.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henson, D., Siegal, S. E., Fuccillo, D. A., Matthew, E., and Levine, A. S., 1972, Cytomegalovirus infections during acute childhood leukemia, J. Infect. Dis. 126:469–481.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, M., Suwansirikul, S., Dowling, J. N., Youngblood, L. A., and Armstrong, J. A., 1975, Transplanted kidney as a source of cytomegalovirus infection, N. Engl. J. Med. 293:1109–1112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holdsworth, S. R., Fitzgerald, M. C., Hosking, C. S., and Atkins, R. C., 1978, The effect of maintenance dialysis of lymphocyte function, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 33:95–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. J., and NajarĂ­an, J. S., 1974, Cytomegalovirus-induced immune suppression. I., Clin. Exp. Immunol. 18:109–118.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. J., Miller, J., and NajarĂ­an, J. S., 1974, Cy- tomegalovirus-induced immune suppression. II., Clin. Exp. Immunol. 18:119–126.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsiung, G. D., Swack, N. S., Gharpure, M. A., and Tscholl, K., 1971, A comparative study of cytomegalovirus of primates and nonprimates, in: Medical Primatology, 2nd ed. (E. I. Goldsmith and J. Moor-Jankowski, eds.), 1970 Proceedings, New York Academy of Sciences, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsiung, G. D., Tenser, R. B., and Fong, K. Y., 1976, Comparison of guinea pig cytomegalovirus and guinea pig herpes-like virus: Growth characterĂ­stics and antigenic relationship. Infect. Immun. 13:926–933.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsiung, G. D., Choi, Y. C., and Bia, F., 1978, Cytomegalovirus infection in guinea pigs. I. Viremia durĂ­ng acute primary and chronic persistent infection, J. Infect. Dis. 138:191–196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, E. S., and Pagano, J. S., 1974, Human cytomegalovirus. II. Lack of relatedness to DNA of herpes simplex I and II, Epstein-Barr virus, and nonhuman strains of cytomegalovirus, J. Virol. 13:642–645.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, E. S., and Roche, J. K., 1978, Cytomegalovirus DNA and adenocarcinoma of the colon: evidence for latent viral infection. Lancet 1:957–960.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, E. S., Kilpatrick, B. A., Huang, Y. T., and Pagano, J. S., 1976, Detection of human cytomegalovirus and analysis of strain variation, Yale J. Biol. Med. 49:29–43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, Y. T., Huang, E. S., and Pagano, J. S., 1974, Antisera to human cytomegalovirus prepared in the guinea pig: Specific immunofluorescence and complement fixation tests, J. Immunol. 112:528–532.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jack, I., and McAuliffe, K. C., 1968, Seroepidemiological study of cytomegalovirus infections in Melbourne children and some adults, Med. J. Aust. 1:206–209.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joncas, J. H., Menezes, J., and Huang, E. S., 1975, Persistence of CMV genomes in lymphoid cells after congenital infection. Nature (London) 258:432–434.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, M. C., Rousseau, W. E., Noble, G. R., Steward, J. A., and Chin, T. D. Y., 1973a, Association of cervical cytomegalovirus with venereal disease, N. Engl. J. Med. 288:932–934.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, M. C., Rousseau, W. E., Steward, J. A., Noble, G. R., and Chin, T. D. Y., 1973b, Spontaneous cytomegalovirus mononucleosis, Ann. Intern. Med. 79:153–160.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, M., Price, P. C., Kistler, G. S., and Krech, U., 1973, Immunoprecipitation studies with antigens of human cytomegaloviruses, Z. Immunitaetsforsch Bd. 145:191–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Just, M., Buergin-Wolff, A., Emoedi, G., and Hernandez, R., 1975, Immunization trials with live attentuated cytomegalovirus towne 125, Infection 3:111–114.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Just, M., Buergin-Wolff, A., and Herrnandez, R., 1976, Versuche zur Gleichzeitigen Immunisierung gegen Zytomegalie und Rotein, Soz. Praeventivmed. 21:201–204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabins, S., Keller, R., Peitchel, R., and AH, M. A., 1976, Acute idiopathic polyneuritis caused by cytomegalovirus, Arch. Intern. Med. 136:100–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kane, G. L., Goldberg, L. S., Johnson, B. L., Derechin, M. M., and Barnett, E. V., 1970, Immunologica ab- normalitiesiinduced by post-perfusion cytomegalovirus infection, Ann. Intern. Med. 73:553–558.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kane, R. C., Rousseau, W. E., Noble, G. R., Tegtmeier G. E., Wulff, H., Herndon, B., Chin, T. D. Y., and Bayer, W. L., 1975, Cytomegalovirus infection in a vol unteer blood donor population. Infect. Immun 11:719–723.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kantor, G. L., Goldberg, L. S., Johnson, B. L., Derechin M. M., and Barnett, E. V., 1970, Immunologic abnor malities induced by post-perfusion cytomegalovirus in fection, Ann. Intern. Med. 73:533–558.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, R., Peitchel, R., Goldman, J. N., and Goldmann M., 1976, An IgG-Fc receptor induced in cytomegalovirus-infected human fibroblasts, J. Immunol. 116:3 772–777.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilham, L., and Margolis, G., 1975, Encephalitis in suck ling rats induced with rat cytomegalovirus. Lab. Invest, 33:200–206.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick, B. A., and Huang, E. S., 1977, Human cytomegalovirus genome: Partial denaturation map and organization of genome sequences, J. Virol. 24:261–276.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick, B. A., Huang, E. S., and Pagano, J. S., 1976, Analysis of cytomegalovirus genomes with restriction endonucleases HinD III and EcoR-1, J. Virol. 18:1095–1105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K. S., and Carp, R. I., 1971, Growth of murine cytomegalovirus in various cell lines, J. Virol. 7:720–725.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K. S., and Carp, R. I., 1972, Abortive infection of human diploid cells by murine cytomegalovirus. Infect. Immun. 6:793–797.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K. S., Moon, H. M., Sapienza, V. J., and Carp, R. I., 1977, Complement-fixing antigen of human cytomegaloviruses, J. Infect. Dis. 135:281–288.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirmani, N., Quinnan, G. V., Ginn, R. K., Manischewitz, J. E., and Mittal, K. K., 1980, Cytomegalovirus (CMV)- specific cytotoxicity mediated by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of normal volunteers. Abstract S90 Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, p. 232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemola, E., 1970, Hypersensitivity reactions to ampicillin in cytomegalovirus mononucleosis, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 2:29–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klemola, E., 1973, Cytomegalovirus infection in previously healthy adults, Ann. Intern. Med. 79:2, 267–268.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klemola, E., and Kaariainen, L., 1965, Cytomegalovirus as a possible cause of a disease resembling infectious mononucleosis, Br. Med. J. 2:1099–1102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klemola, E., Weckman, N., Haltia, K., and Kaariainen, L., 1967, Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with acquired cytomegalovirus infection. Acta Med. Scand. 181:5, 603–607.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knez, v., Stewart, J. A., and Ziegler, D. W., 1976, Cytomegalovirus specific IgM and IgG response in humans studied by radioimmunoassay, J. Immunol. 117:2006–2013.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krech, U., 1973, Complement-fixing antibodies against cytomegalovirus in different parts of the world, Bull. WHO 49:103–106.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krech, U., Jung, M., and Sonnabend, W., 1971a, A study of complement-fixing, immunofluorescent, and neutralizing antibodies in human cytomegalovirus infections, Z. Immunitaetsforsch. 141:411–429.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krech, U., Konjajev, Z., and Jung, M., 1971b, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in siblings from consecutive pregnancies, Helv. Paediatr. Acta 26:355–362.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, M. L., and Nankervis, G. A., 1976, Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection: An animal model, presented at the 16th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, M. L., Nankervis, G. A., and Gold, E., 1973, Inapparent congenital cytomegalovirus infection, N. Engl. J. Med. 288:1370–1372.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, M. L., Gold, E., and Nankervis, G. A., 1975, Risk of acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in infants of maternal CMV excretors, Pediatr. Res. 9:342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, D. J., and Hanshaw, J. B., 1969, Cytomegalovirus infection and the postperfusion syndrome: Recognition of primary infections in four patients, N. Eng. J. Med. 280:1145–1149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, D. J., and Kummer, J. F., 1975, Cytomegalovirus in semen: Observations in selected populations, J. Infect. Dis. 132:4, 472–473.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, D. J., and Noren, B., 1968, Cytomegaloviremis following congenital infection, J. Pediatr. 73:812–819.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, D. J., Scolnick, E. M., and Willerson, J. T., 1968, Association of cytomegalovirus infection with the postperfusion syndrome, N. Engl. J. Med. 278:1147.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, D. J., Kummer, J. F., and Hartley, D. P., 1974, Cytomegalovirus in semen: Persistence and demonstration in extracellular fluids, N. Engl. J. Med. 291:121–123.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, D. J., Cheung, K. S., Schwartz, J. N., Daniels, C. A., and Harwood, S. E., 1976, Cytomegalovirus replication and host immune response, Yale J. Biol. Med. 49:45–58.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langenhuysen, M., 1971, Antibodies against 7-globulin after blood transfusion and cytomegalovirus-infection, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 9:393–398.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langenhuysen, M., Cazemier, T., Houwen, B., Brouwers, T., Halie, M., The, T., and Nieweg, H., 1974, Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and Australia antigen in Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer 34:262–267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, M. J., Rinaldo, C. R., Leary, P. L., Zaia, J. A., and Hirsch, M. S., 1979, Immune response to herpesvirus antigens in adults with acute cytomegaloviral mononucleosis, J. Infect. Dis. 140:851–857.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levinsohn, E. M., Foy, H. M., Kenny, G. E., Wentworth, B. B., and Grayston, J. T., 1969, Isolation of cytomegalovirus from a cohort of 100 infants throughout the first year of life, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 132:957–962.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lind, K., Spencer, E. S., and Andersen, H. K., 1974, Cold agglutinin production and cytomegalovirus infection, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 6:109–112.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, C., Simmons, R. L., Park, B. H., NajarĂ­an, J. S., and Good, R. A., 1974, Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of renal transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus infections, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 16:565–573.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luby, J. P., and Shasby, D. M., 1972, A sex difference in the prevalence of antibodies in cytomegalovirus, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 222:1290–1291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lussier, G., 1975a, Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), Adv. Vet. Sci. 19:223–247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lussier, G., 1975b, Effect of antithymocyte serum on murine cytomegalovirus encephalitis in weaning mice, Rev. Can. Biol. 34:1–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lussier, G., 1975c, Cerebral calcification cytomegalovirus infection. Am. J. Pathol. 80:555–558.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manuel, F. R., and Embil, J. A., 1975, Virusemenia after cytomegalovirus mononucleosis. Am. Med. Assoc. 112:604.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MedearĂ­s, D. N., 1964, Observations concerning human cytomegalovirus infection and disease. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 114:181–211.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehsh, M. E., and Hanshaw, J. B., 1973, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: Developmental progress of infants detected by routine screening. Am. J. Dis. Child. 126:190–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyers, J. D., Spencer, H. C., Watts, J. C., Gregg, M. B., Stewart, J. A., Troupin, R. H., and Thomas, E. D., 1975, Cytomegalovirus pneumonia after human marrow transplantation, Ann. Intern. Med. 82:181–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michelson-Fiske, S., Horodniceanu, F., and Guillon, J. C., 1977, “Immediate early” antigens in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected cells. Nature (London) 270:615–617.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michelson-Fiske, S., Cabau, N., Boue, A., and Horodniceanu, F., 1979, Comparison of occurence of antibodies to human cytomegalovirus as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and indirect hemagglutination techniques, J. Clin. Micro. 9:149–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mims, C. A., and Gould, J., 1978, The role of macrophages in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus, J. Gen. Virol. 41:143–153.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minamishima, Y., and Eizuru, Y., 1974, Protective immunity in cytomegalovirus infection of mice. The Proceedings of the 1st Intersectional Congress of IAMS, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirkovic, R., Werch, J., South, M. A., and Benyesh-Melnick, M., 1971, Incidence of cytomegaloviremia in blood-bank donors and in infants with congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease, Infect. Immun. 3:40–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mocarski, E. S., and Stinski, M. F., 1979, Persistence of the cytomegalovirus genome in human cells, J. Virol. 31:761–775.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moller-Larsen, A., Andersen, H. K., Heron, I., and Sarov, I., 1976, In vitro stimulation of human lymphocytes by purified cytomegalovirus, Intervirology 6:249–257.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monif, G. R. G., Egan, E. A., Held, B., and Eitzman, D. v., 1972, The correlation of maternal cytomegalovirus infection during varying stages in gestation and neonatal involvement, J. Pediatr. 80:17–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, R., Youngblood, L., and Medearis, D. N., 1972, Recovery of cytomegalovirus from the cervix in pregnancy. Pediatrics 49:4, 524–531.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murasko, D. M., and Lausch, R. N., 1974, Cellular immune response to virus specific antigen in hamsters bearing isografts of cytomegalovirus-transformed cells. Int. J. Cancer 14:451–460.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murasko, D. M., and Lausch, R. N., 1976, Brief communication: Immunostimulation of cytomegalovirus- transformed cells and its inhibition by blocking sera, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 56:1083–1085.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naeye, R., 1967, CID: The fetal disorder. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 47:738–744.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagington, J., 1971, Cytomegalovirus antibody production in renal transplant patients, J. Hyg. 69:645–660.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neff, B. J., Weibel, R. E., Buynak, E. B., McLean, A. A., and Hilleman, M. R., 1979, Clinical and laboratory studies of live cytomegalovirus vaccine AD-169 (40382) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 160:32–37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neiman, P., Wasserman, P. B., Wentworth, B. B., Kao, G. F., Lerner, K. G., Storb, R., Buckner, C. D., Clift, R. A., Fefer, A., Fass, L., Glucksberg, H., and Thomas, E. D., 1973, Interstitial pneumonia and cytomegalovirus infection as complications of bone marrow transplantation, Transplantation 15:478–485.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neiman, P. E., Thomas, E. D., Reeves, W. C., Ray, C. G., Sale, G., Lerner, K. G., Buckner, C. D., Clift, R. A., Storb, R., Weiden, P. L., and Fefer, A., 1976, Opportunistic infection and interstitial pneumonia following marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia and hematologic malignancy. Transplant. Proc. 8:663–667.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olding, L. B., Jensen, F. C., and Oldstone, M. B. A., 1975, Pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus infection. I. Acivation of virus from bone marrow-derived lymphocytes by in vitro allogenic reactions, J. Exp. Med. 141:561–572.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olding, L. B., Kingsbury, D. T., and Oldstone, M. B. A., 1976, Pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus infection. Distribution of viral products, immune complexes and autoimmunity during latent murine infection, J. Gen. Virol. 33:267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborn, J. E., and Medearis, D. N., 1967, Suppression of interferon and antibody and multiplication of Newcastle Disease virus in cytomegalovirus infected mice, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 124:347–353.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborn, J. E., and Shahidi, N. T., 1973, Thrombocytopenia in murine cytomegalovirus infection, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 81:53–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborn, J. E., and Walker, D. L., 1970, Virulence and attenuation of murine cytomegalovirus. Infect. Immun. 3:228–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osborn, J. E., Blazkovec, A. A., and Walker, D. L., 1968, Immunosuppression during acute cytomegalovirus infection, J. Immunol. 100:835–844.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Overall, J. C., Kern, E. R., and Glasgow, L. A., 1976, Effective antiviral chemotherapy in cytomegalovirus infection of mice, J. Infect. Dis. 133:A237-A244.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pagano, J. S., 1976, Prevention of infections with cytomegalovirus, Yale J. Biol. Med. 49:59–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pana, A., Santi, A. L., Castello, C., Marchione, L., and D’Arca, S. U., 1976, Sulla presenza del cytomegalovirus nel latte materno, Annali Sclavo 18:1–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plavosin, L., and Diosi, P., 1974, Nonproductive infection of genetically resistant mouse cells by murine cytomegalovirus, Arch. Gesamte Virusforsch. 45:165–168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plotkin, S. A., Furukawa, T., Zygraich, N., Huygelen C., 1975, Candidate cytomegalovirus strain for human vaccination. Infect. Dis. 12:521–527.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plotkin, S. A., Farquhar, J., and Hornberger, E., 1976 Clinical trials with the Towne 125 strain of human cy tomegalovirus, J. Infect. Dis. 134:470–475.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plummer, G., and Benyesh-Melnick, M., 1964, A plaque reduction neutrahzation test for human cytomegalovi rus, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 117:145–150.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plummer, G., Bowling, C. P., and Goodheart, C. R. 1969a, Comparison of four horse herpesviruses, J Virol. 4: 738–741.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plummer, G., Goodheart, G. C., Henson, D., and Bowling, C. P., 1969b, A comparative study of the DNA density and behavior in tissue cultures of fourteen different herpesviruses. Virology 39: 134–137.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, D. D., Wimberly, I., and Benyesh-Melnick, M. 1969, Prevalence of antibodies to EB virus and other herpesviruses, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 208:1675–1679.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prince, A. M., Szumuness, W., Millian, S., and David D.S., 1971a, A serologic study of cytomegalovirus in fection following blood transfusion in tumor surgery, J Am. Med. Assoc. 211:1341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince, A. M., Szumuness, W., Millian, S. J., and David D. S., 1971b, A serologic study of cytomegalovirus in fections associated with blood transfusions, N. Engl J. Med. 284:1125–1131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quinnan, G. V., Manischewitz, J. E., and Ennis, F. A. 1978, Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to murine cytomegalovirus infection. Nature 273:541–543.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rapp, F., Geder, L., and Murasko, D., 1975, Long-term persistence of cytomegalovirus genome in cultured human cells of prostatic origin, J. Virol. 16:982–990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, D. W., Stagno, S., Stubbs, K. G., Dahle, A. J., Livingston, M. M., Saxon, S. S., and Alford, C. A., 1974, Inapparent congenital cytomegalovirus infection with elevated cord IgM levels, N. Engl. J. Med. 290:291–296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, D. W., Stagno, S., Herrman, K. L., and Alford, C. A., 1978, Antibody response to live virus vaccines in congenital and neonatal cytomegalovirus, J. Pediatr. 92:738–742.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rifkind, D., 1965, Cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. Arch. Intern. Med. 116:554–558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, W. P., Hartley, J. W., and Waterman, S., et al., 1956, Cytopathogenic agent resembling human salivary gland virus recovered from tissue cultures of human adenoids, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 92:418–424.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rytel, M. W., 1976, Brief commentaries: Humoral and cell-mediated immunity to cytomegalovirus, Yale J. Biol. Med. 49:63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rytel, M. W., and Balay, J., 1973, Impaired production of interferon in lymphocytes from immunosuppressed patients, J. Infect. Dis. 127:445–449.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rytel, M. W., and Balay, J., 1976, Cytomegalovirus infection and immunity in renal allograft recipients: Assessment of the competence of humoral immunity. Infect. Immun. 13:1633–1637.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rytel, M. W., Aaberg, T. M., Dee, T. H., and Heim, L. H., 1975, Therapy of cytomegalovirus retinitis with transfer factor. Cell. Immunol. 19:8–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarov, I., and Abardy, I., 1975, The morphogenesis of human cytomegalovirus and dense bodies. Virology 66:464–473.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schauf, v., Strelkauskas, A. J., and Deveikis, A., 1976, Alteration of lymphocyte subpopulations with cytomegalovirus infection in infancy, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 26:478–483.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, N. J., Dennis, J., and Lennette, E. H., 1976, Plaque reduction neutralization test for human cytomegalovirus based upon enhanced uptake of neutral red by virus-infected cells, J. Clin. Microbiol. 4:61–66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz, H., and Enders, G., 1977, Cytomegalovirus as a frequent cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome, J. Med. Virol. 1:21–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz, H., and Haas, R., 1972, Determination of different cytomegalovirus immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) by immunofluorescence. Arch. Gesamte Virusforsch. 37:131–140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, J. N., Daniels, C. A., and Klintworth, G. K., 1975, Lymphoid cell necrosis, thymic atrophy, and growth retardation in newborn mice inoculated with murine cytomegalovirus. Am. J. Pathol. 79:509–522.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selgrade, M. K., and Osborn, J. E., 1974, Role of macrophages in resistance to murine cytomegalovirus. Infect. Immun. 10:1383–1390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selgrade, M. K., Ahmed, A., Sell, K. W., Gershwin, M. E., and Steinberg, A. D., 1976, Effect of murine cytomegalovirus on the in vitro responses of T and B cells to mitogens, J. Immunol. 116:1459–1465.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, R. L., Lopez, C., Balfour, H., Kalis, J., Rattazzi, L. C., and NajarĂ­an, J. S., 1974, Cytomegalovirus: Clinical virological correlations in renal transplant recipients, Ann. Surg. 180:623–634.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. E., and Dixon, A. St. J., 1976, Infantile spasms and cytomegalovirus replication in WI-38 cells. II. An ultrastructural study of viral penetration, J. Virol. 14:945–956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. D., and DeHarven, E., 1973, Notes: Concentrations of herpes viruses, J. Virol. 11:325–328.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, K. O., Thiel, J. F., Newman, J. T., Harvey, E., Trousdale, M. D., Gehle, W. D., and Clark, G., 1969, Cytomegaloviruses as common adventitious contami- nents in primary African green monkey kidney cell cultures, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42:489–496.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. G., 1959, The salivary gland viruses of man and animals (cytomegalic inclusions disease), Prog. Med. Virol. 2:171–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soriano, R. B., South, M. A., Goldman, A. S., and Smith, C.W., 1973, Defect of neutrophil motility in a child with recurrent bacterial infections and disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, J. Pediatr. 83:951–958.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spector, S. A., Schmidt, K., Ticknor, W., and Grossman, M., 1979, Cytomegaloviruria in older infants in intensive care nurseries, J. Pediatrics 95:444–446.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, E. S., 1974a, Clinical aspects of cytomegalovirus infection in kidneygraft recipients, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 6:315–323.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, E. S., 1974b, Cytomegalovirus antibody in uremic patients prior to renal transplantation, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 4:1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprecher-Goldberger, S., Thiry, L., Lefebvre, N., Dekegel, D., and de Halleus, P., 1971, Complement-fixation antibodies to adenovirus-associated viruses, adenoviruses, cytomegaloviruses and herpes simplex virus in patients with tumors and in control individuals. Am. J. Epidemiol. 94:351–358.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • St. Jeor, S., and Rapp, F., 1973, Cytomegalovirus replication in cell pre-treated with 5-iodo-2-deoxyurdine, J. Virol. 11:986–990.

    Google Scholar 

  • St. Jeor, S. C., Albrecht, T. B., Funk, F. D., and Rapp, F., 1974, Stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis by human cytomegalovirus, J. Virol. 13:353–362.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stagno, S., Reynolds, D. W., Lakeman, A., Charamella, L. J., and Alford, C. A., 1973, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: Consecutive occurrence due to viruses with similar antigenic compositions, Pediatrics 52:788–794.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stagno, S., Reynolds, D., Tsiantos, A., Fuccillo, D. A., Smith, R., Tiller, M., and Alford, C. A., 1975a, Cervical cytomegalovirus excrefion in pregnant and nonpregnant women: Suppression in early gestation, J. Infect. Dis. 131:522–527.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stagno, S., Reynolds, D. W., Tsiantos, A., Fuccillo, D. A., Long, W., and Alford, C. A., 1975b, Comparative serial virologic and serologic studies of symptomatic and subclinical congenitally and natally acquired cytomegalovirus infections, J. Infect. Dis. 131:568–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stagno, S., Reynolds, D. W., Huang, E. S., Thames, S. D., Smith, R. J., and Alford, C. A., 1977, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: Occurrence in an immune population, N. Engl. J. Med. 296:1254–1258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stagno, S., Pass, R. F., Reynolds, D. W., Moore, M. A., Nahmias, A. J., and Alford, C. A., 1980, Comparative study of diagnostic procedures for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Pediatrics 65:251–257.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starr, J. G., Calafiore, D., and Casey, H. L., 1967, Experience with a human cytomegalovirus complement fixing antigen, J. Epidemiol. 86:507–512.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starr, S. E., 1976 (Abstr.), Immunological mechanisms in recovery from murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection, Am. Soc. Microbiol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, H., 1968, Isolation of cytomegalovirus and clinical infection at different ages, Br. Med. J. 1:665.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, H., 1972, Cytomegalovirus and EB infections of the liver, Br. Med. Bull. 28:180–185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, H., 1975, Cytomegalovirus infection, Br. J. Clin. Pract. 29:245–250.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, H., and Tucker, S. M., 1973, Prospective study of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy, Br. Med. J. 2:268–270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stinski, M. F., 1976, Human cytomegalovirus: Glycoproteins associated with viions and dense bodies, Virol. 19:594–609.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stinski, M. F., 1977, Synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins in cells infected with human cytomegalovirus, J. Virol. 23:751–767.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Storb, R., Ochs, H. D., Weiden, P. L., and Thomas, E. D., 1976, Immunologic reactivity in marrow graft recipients, Transplant. Proc. 8:637–640.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strangert, K., Carlstrom, G., Jeansson, S., and Nord, C. E., 1976, Infections in preschool children in group day care. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 65:455–463.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton, R. N. P., Darby, C. W., andGumpel, S. M., 1971, Cytomegalovirus infection in childhood leukemia, Br. J. Haematol. 20:437–442.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swack, N., Liu, O. C., and Hsiung, G. D., 1971, Cytomegalovirus infections of monkeys and baboons. Am. J. Epidemiol. 94:397–402.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ten Napel, C. H. H., and The, T. H., 1980, Acute cytomegalovirus infection and the host immune response, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 39:272–278.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • The, T. H., and Langenhuysen, M. M. A. C., 1972, Antibodies against membrane antigens of cytomegalovirus infected cells in sera of patients with a cytomegalovirus infection, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 11:475–582.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • The, T. H., Klein, G., and Langenhuysen, M. M. A. C., 1974, Antibody reactions to virus-specific early antigens (EA) in patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 16:1–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, E. D., Storb, R., Clift, R. A., Fefer, A., Johnson, F.L., Neiman, P. E., Lerner, K. G., Glucksberg, H., and Buckner, C. D., 1975, Success or failure of marrow engraftment und marrow-graft rejection, N. Engl. J. Med. 292:895–902.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, D. R., and Stinski, M. F., 1980, Cloning human CMV DNA Xba I restriction endonuclease fragments into bacterial plasmid pACYCl84, Abstract S25, Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, p. 222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thong, Y. H., Hensen, S. A., Vincent, M. M., Fuccillo, D A., Stiles, W. A., and Bellanti, J. A., 1976, Use of cryopreserved virus-infected target cells in a lymphocy totoxicity 51Cr release microassay for cell-mediated immunity to cytomegalovirus. Infect. Immun. 13:643–645.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tocci, M. J., and St. Jeor, S., 1979. Persistence and replication of the human cytomegalovirus genome in lymphoblastoid cells of B and T origin, Virology 96: 664–668.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, F. S., and Pinkerton, H., 1955, Spontaneous salivary gland virus disease in chimpanzees. Arch. Pathol. 60:281–285.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waner, J. L., 1975, Partial characterization of a soluble antigen preparation from cells infected with human cytomegalovirus: Properties of antisera prepared to the antigen, J. Immunol. 114:5, 1454–1457.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waner, J. L., and Budnick, J. E., 1973, Three-day assay for human cytomegalovirus applicable to serum neutralization tests, Appl. Microbiol. 25:1, 37–39.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waner, J. L., and Budnick, J. E., 1977, Blastogenic response of human lymphocytes to human cytomegalovirus (CMV): Effect of Ara-C and lUDR, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 30:44–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waner, J. L., and Weller, T. H., 1974, Behavior of human cytomegaloviruses in cell cultures of bovine and simian origin, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 145:379–384.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waner, J. L., Weller, T. H., and Kevy, S. V., 1973, Patterns of cytomegaloviral complement-fixing antibody activity: A longitudinal study of blood donors, J. Infect. Dis. 127:5, 538–543.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wathen, M. W., Thomsen, D. R., and Stinski, M. F., 1980, Separation and characterization of human cytomegalovirus mRNA, Abstract S89, Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, p. 232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg, A. G., McCracken, G. M., LoSpalluto, J., and Luby, J. P., 1973, Monoclonal macroglobulinemia and cytomegalic inclusion disease. Pediatrics 51:518–524.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weller, T. H., 1971a, The cytomegalovirus, ubiquitous agents with protean clinical manifestations (first of two parts), N. Engl. J. Med. 285:203–214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weller, T. H., 1971b, The cytomegalovirus, ubiquitous agents with protean clinical manifestations (second of two parts), N. Engl. J. Med. 285:267–274.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weller, T. H., Hanshaw, J. B., and Scott, D. E., 1960, Serologic differentiation of viruses responsible for cytomegalic inclusion disease. Virology 12:130–132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wentworth, B. B., and Alexander, E. R., 1971, Seroe- pidemiology of infections due to members of the herpesvirus group. Am. J. Epidemiol. 94:496–507.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel, R. P., McCormick, D. P., Davies, J. A., Berling, C., and Bean, W. E., 1973, Cytomegalovirus infection: A seroepidemiologic study of a recruit population. Am. J. Epidemiol. 97:410–414.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitley, R. J., Brasfield, D., Reynolds, D. W., Stagno, S., Tiller, R. E., Alford, C. A., 1976, Protracted pneumonitis in young infants associated with perinatally acquired cytomegaloviral infection, J. Pediatr. 89:16–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willmott, F. E., 1975, Cytomegalovirus in female patients attending a VD clinic, Br. J. Vener. Dis. 51:278–280.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, H. T., Jr., Goodheart, C. R., and Lielausis, A., 1964, Human cytomegalovirus. Morphology by negative staining. Virology 23:419–424.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, B. C., and Ho, M., 1979, Characteristics of infection of B and T lymphocytes from mice after inoculation with cytomegalovirus, Infect. Immun. 24:856–864.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, B. C., Dowling, J. N., Armstrong, J. A., and Ho, M., 1975, Enhancement of mouse cytomegalovirus infection during host-versus-graft reaction. Science 190:56–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wyhinny, G. J., Apple, D. J., Guastella, F. R., and Vygantas, C. M., 1973, Adult cytomegalic inclusion retinitis, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 76:773.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeager, A. S., 1974, Transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infection in newborn infants. Am. J. Dis. Child. 128:478–483.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeager, A. S., 1975, Longitudinal, serological study of cytomegalovirus infections in nurses and in personnel without patient contact, J. Clin. Microbiol. 2:448–452.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeager, A. S., Martin, H. P., and Steward, J. A., 1975, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: Outcome for subsequent sibling, presented at the Meeting of the Western Society for Pediatric Research in Carmel, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshimura, N., Furukawa, T., Jean, J. H., and Plotkin, S. A., 1977, Ultrastructural study of human cytomegalovirus infection in Mrc-5 cells: The virus morphology in disassembly and assembly, unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zablotney, S. L., Wentworth, B. B., and Alexander, E. R., 1978, Antigenic relatedness of 17 strains of human cytomegalovirus. Am. J. Epidemiol. 107:336–343.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Stanley A. Plotkin

Authors
  1. Stanley A. Plotkin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    André J. Nahmias

  2. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA

    Richard J. O’Reilly

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Publishing Corporation

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Plotkin, S.A. (1982). Immunology of Cytomegalovirus. In: Nahmias, A.J., O’Reilly, R.J. (eds) Immunology of Human Infection. Comprehensive Immunology, vol 9. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1012-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1012-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-1014-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-1012-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation