Abstract
The auditory capacities of fish have recently been reviewed by Tavolga (1971), Popper and Fay (1973), Hawkins (1973) and Fay and Popper (1980), following early reviews by Griffin (1950), Kleerekoper and Chagnon (1954), and Moulton (1963). Not only can fish hear but they can distinguish between tones of differing frequency (Wohlfahrt 1939, Dijkgraaf and Verheijen 1950, Dijkgraaf 1952, Jacobs and Tavolga 1968, Fay 1970). For an ostariophysine fish, the goldfish, Carassius auratus, relative pitch discrimination lies between 3–6% (Jacobs and Tavolga 1968), and for several nonostariophysines it lies between 9 and 15% (Dijgraaf 1952).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, R. A., Enger, P. S.: Microphonic potentials from the sacculus of a teleost fish, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 27, 879–881 (1968).
van Bergeijk, W. A.: In Marine Bioacoustics, Vol. 2. Tavolga, W. N. (ed.). Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1967, p. 244.
Budelli, R., Macadar, O.: Statoacoustic properties of utricular afferents. J. Neurophysiol. 42, 1479–1493 (1979).
Buerkle, U.: Relation of pure tone thresholds to background noise levels in the Atlantic cod. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 25, 1155–1160 (1968).
Chapman, C. J., Hawkins, A. D.: A field study of hearing in the cod. J. Comp. Physiol. 85, 147–167 (1973).
Dijkgraaf, S.: Über die Schellwahrnehnung bei Meeresfischen. Z. Vergl. Physiol. 34, 104–122 (1952).
Dijkgraaf, S., Verheijen, F. J.: Neue Versuchen über das Tonunterscheidungsvermögen der Elritze. Z. Vergl. Physiol. 32, 248–256 (1950).
Enger, P. S.: Single unit activity in the peripheral auditory system of a teleost fish. Acta Physiol. Scand. 59 Suppl. 3, 9–48 (1963).
Evans, E. F.: Cochlear nerve and cochlear nuclei. In: Handbook of Sensory Physiology. The Auditory System, Vol. 5/2. Keidel, W. D., Neff, W. D. (eds.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1975.
Fay, R. R.: Auditory frequency discrimination in goldfish. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 73, 175–180 (1970).
Fay, R. R.: Sound reception and processing in the carp, saccular potentials. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 49A, 29–42 (1974).
Fay, R. R.: Phase-locking in goldfish saccular nerve fibres accounts for frequency discrimination capacities. Nature 275, 320–322 (1978a).
Fay. R. R.: Coding of information in single auditory nerve fibres of the goldfish, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 136–146 (1978b).
Fay, R. R., Popper, A. N.: Modes of stimulation of the teleost ear. J. Exp. Biol. 62, 379–387 (1975).
Fay, R. R., Popper, A. N.: Structure and function in teleost auditory systems. In: Comparative Studies of Hearing in Vertebrates. Popper, A. N., Fay, R. R. (eds.). New York: Springer-Verlag, 1980, pp. 3–42.
Fletcher, H.: Auditory patterns. Rev. Mod. Phys. 23, 47–65 (1940).
Furukawa, T.: Sites of termination on the saccular macula of auditory nerve fibres in the goldfish as determined by intracellular injection of procion yellow. J. Comp. Neurol. 180, 807–814(1978).
Furukawa, T., Ishii, Y.: Neurophysiological studies of hearing in goldfish. J. Neurophysiol. 30, 1377–1403 (1967).
Goldberg, J. M., Brown, P. B.: Responses of binaural neurons of dog superior olivary complex to dichotic tonal stimuli: Some physiological mechanisms of sound localisation. J. Neurophysiol. 32, 613–636 (1969).
Griffin, D. R.: Underwater sounds and the orientation of marine animals, a preliminary survey. Tech. Rep. No. 3, Project NR 162–429 O.N.R. and Cornell Univ., 1–26 (1950).
Hawkins, A. D.: The sensitivity of fish to sounds. Oceangr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 11, 291–340(1973).
Hawkins, A. D., Chapman, C. J.: Masked auditory thresholds in the cod, Gadus morhua (L.). J. Comp. Physiol. 103, 209–226 (1975).
Highstein, S. M., Politoff, A. L.: Relation of interspike baseline activity to the spontaneous discharge of primary afferents from the labyrinths of the toadfish, Opsanus tau. Brain Res. 150, 182–187 (1978).
Jacobs, D. W., Tavolga, W. N.: Acoustic frequency discrimination in the goldfish. Anim. Behav. 16, 67–71 (1968).
Kiang, N. Y. S., Watanabe, T., Thomas, E. C., Clarke, L.: Discharge patterns of single fibres in the cat’s auditory nerve. Res. Monogr. No. 35. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1965.
Kleerkoper, H., Chagnon, E. C.: Hearing in fish, with special reference to Semotilus atromacuktus atromaculatus. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 11, 130–152 (1954).
Lowenstein, O., Roberts, T. D. M.: The equilibrium function of the otolith organs of the thornback ray Raja clavata. J. Physiol. 100, 392–415 (1949).
Lowenstein, O., Roberts, T. D. M.: The localisation and analysis of the responses to vibration from the isolated elasmobranch labyrinth. A contribution to the problem of the evolution of hearing in vertebrates. J. Physiol. 144, 471–489 (1951).
Lowenstein, O., Sand, A.: The mechanism of the semicircular canal. A study of the responses of single fibre preparations to angular accelerations and to rotations at constant speed. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 129, 256–267 (1940).
Mardia, K. V.: Statistics of directional data. London: Academic Press, 1972.
Moulton, J. M.: Acoustic behaviour of fishes. In: Acoustic Behaviour of Animals. Busnel, R. G. (ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1963, pp. 655–693.
O’Leary, D. P., Dunn, R. F., Honrubia, V.: Analysis of afferent responses from isolated semicircular canal of the guitarfish using rotational cceleration white noise inputs. I. Correlation of response dynamics with receptor innervation. J. Neurophysiol. 39, 631–644 (1976).
Piddington, R. W.: Auditory discrimination between compressions and rarefractions by goldfish. J. Exp. Biol. 56, 403–419 (1972).
Popper, A. N., Fay, R. R.: Sound detection and processing by teleost fishes, a critical review. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 53, 1515–1529 (1973).
Sand, O.: Directional sensitivity of microphonic potentials from the perch ear. J. Exp. Biol. 60, 881–899 (1974).
Sand, O., Enger, P. S.: Evidence for an auditory function of the swimbladder in the cod. J. Exp. Biol. 59, 405–414 (1973).
Sawa, M.: Auditory responses from single neurons of the medulla oblongata in the goldfish. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 42, 141–152 (1975).
Schuijf, A.: The phase model of directional hearing in fish. In: Sound Reception in Fish. Schuijf, A., Hawkins, A. D. (eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1976.
Siegel, S.: Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.
Tavolga, W. N.: In: Fish Physiology, Vol. 5. Hoar, W. S., Randall, D. J. (eds.). New York: Academic Press, 1971, pp. 135–205.
Tavolga, W. N.: Signal:noise ratio and the critical band in fishes. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55, 1323–1333 (1974).
von Békésy, G.: Experiments in Hearing. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960.
Walsh, B. T., Miller, J. B., Gacek, R. R., Kiang, N. Y. S.: Spontaneous activity in the eighth cranial nerve of the cat. Int. J. Neurosci. 3, 221–236 (1972).
Wever, E. G., Bray, C. W.: Action currents in the auditory nerve in response to acoustical stimulation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 16, 344–350 (1930).
Wohlfahrt, T. A.: Untersuchungen über das Tonunterscheidungsvermogen der Elritze, Phoxinus laevis. Z. Vergl. Physiol. 26, 570–604 (1939).
Zwicker, E., Flottorp, G., Stevens, S. S.: Critical bandwidth in loudness summation. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 29, 548–557 (1957).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Horner, K., Hawkins, A.D., Fraser, P.J. (1981). Frequency Characteristics of Primary Auditory Neurons from the Ear of the Cod, Gadus morhua L.. In: Tavolga, W.N., Popper, A.N., Fay, R.R. (eds) Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7186-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7186-5_11
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7188-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7186-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive