Abstract
The isolation and characterization of the complementary DNAs (cDNAs) and gene which code for an epithelial tumor antigen (H23-ETA), aberrantly expressed in human breast tumor tissue, are described here. A diversity of H23-ETA protein forms, is generated by a series of alternative splicing events that occur in regions located upstream and downstream to a central tandem 20 amino acid (aa) repeat array (TRA) that is rich in proline, serine and threonine residues. The upstream region shows that differential usage of alternative splice acceptor sites generates two protein forms containing putative signal peptides of varying hydrophobicities located at the NH2 terminus. The region downstream to the tandem repeat array indicates that one mRNA transcript is collinear with the gene and defines a 160 aa open reading frame (secreted or sec form). A second cDNA correlates with a mRNA that is generated by a series of splicing events and codes for 149 aa downstream to the TRA, identical with the aa sequence of the unspliced cDNA, after which it diverges and continues for an additional 179 aa. This sequence (transmembrane or tm form) contains a highly hydrophobic transmembrane domain of 28 aa followed by a hydrophilic “transfer-stop signal” (Arg Arg Lys) and a cytoplasmic domain of 72 aa. The various protein forms (alternative signal sequences, secreted and transmembrane) are likely routed to different cytoplasmic, cell membrane and extracellular compartments. Reverse PCR indicates that the relative ratios of the alternatively spliced forms vary in different epithelial tissues. To identify the individual protein species, monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are being generated against synthetic peptides unique to each form. The H23-ETA gene was also isolated and sequenced, demonstrating a putative promoter region that includes a ‘TATA’ box, Spl binding elements and an upstream putative hormone responsive element. Commensurate with these findings, H23-ETA expression was increased following hormonal treatment of BT549 breast tumor cells. These molecular studies have unravelled novel H23-ETA protein and gene structures, and facilitate future investigations that will focus on H23-ETA function and interaction with other cellular proteins.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Johnson, V.G., Schlom, J., Paterson, A.J., Bennett, J., Magnani, J.L. and Colcher, D. Analysis of a human tumor associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) identified by monoclonal antibody B72.3. Cancer Res. 46: 850 (1986).
Burchell, J., Gendler, S., Taylor-Papadimitriou, J., Girling, A., Lewis, A., Millis, R. & Lampert, D. Development and characterization of breast cancer reactive monoclonal antibodies directed to the core protein of the human milk mucin. Cancer Res. 47: 5476 (1987).
Rufe, D.W., Nadler, L., Sargent, L., Shapiro, P., Hand, P., Austin, F., Colcher, D. and Schlom, J. Biological behavior of human breast carcinoma-associated antigens expressed during cellular proliferation. Cancer Res. 43: 851 (1983).
Tjandra, J.J. and Mckenzie, I.F.C. Murine monoclonal antibodies in breast cancer: an overview. Br. J. Surg., 75: 1067 (1988).
Bramwell, M.E., Bhavanandan, V.P., Wiseman, G. and Harris, H. Structure and function of the Ca antigen. Br. J. Cancer, 48: 177 (1983).
Ceriani, R.L., Peterson, J., Lee, J.Y., Moncada, R. and Blank, F.W. Characterization of cell surface antigens of human mammary epithelial cells with monoclonal antibodies prepared against human milk fat globule Somatic Cell Genet., 9: 415 (1983).
Hilkens, J., Buijs, F., Hilgers, J., Hageman, P., Calafat, J., Sonnenberg, A. & van der Valk, M. Monoclonal antibodies against human milk-fat globule membranes detecting differentiation antigens of the mammary gland and its tumors. Cancer, 34: 197 (1984).
Schechter, R.L., Major, P.P., Kovac, P.E., Ishida, M., Rovalik, E.C., Dion, A.S., Langleben, A., Boileau, G., Boos, G., Panasci, L. and Margolese, R. Double antibody radioimmunoassay for monitoring metastatic breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer, 58: 362 (1988).
Price, M.R., Edwards, S., Owainat, A., Bullock, J.E., Ferry, B., Robins, R.A. and Baldwin, R.W. Multiple epitopes on human breast-carcinoma-associated antigen. I. J. Cancer, 36: 567 (1985).
Ceriani, R.L., Thompson, K.E., Peterson, J.A. and Abrahams, S. Surface differentiation antigens of human mammary epithelial cells carried on the human milk fat globule. Proc. Natl. Acad. Aci. USA, 74: 582 (1977).
Keydar, I., Chou, C.S., Hareuveni, M., Tsarfaty, I., Sahar, E., Seltzer, G., Chaitchik, S. & Hizi, A. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies identifying breast tumor associated antigens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86: 1362 (1989).
Tsarfaty, I., Chaitchik, S., Hareuveni, M., Horev, J., Hizi, A., Wreschner, D.H. & keydar, I. H23 monoclonal antibodies recognize a breast cancer tumor associated antigen: Clinical and molecular studies. In Ceriani R.U. (ed.) Breast Cancer Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy, pp. 161–169 New York: Plenum, 1988.
Wreschner, D.H., Tsarfaty, I., Hareuveni, M., Zaretsky, J., Smorodinsky, N., Weiss, M., Horev, J., Kotkes, P., Zrihan, S., Jeltsch, J.M., Green, 5., Lathe, R. & Keydar, I. Isolation and characterization of full length cDNA coding for the H23 breast tumor associated antigen. In: Rich, M.A., Hager, J.C. and Keydar, I. (eds.) Breast Cancer: Progress in Biology, Clinical Management and Prevention, pp. 41–59. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.
Hareuveni, M., Tsarfaty, I., Zaretsky, J., Kotkes, P., Horev, J., Zrihan, S., Weiss, M., Green, S., Lathe, R., Keydar, I. & Wreschner, D.H. A transcribed gene, containing a variable number of tandem repeats, codes for a human epithelial tumor antigen - cDNA cloning, expression of the transfected gene and over-expression in breast cancer tissue. Eur. J. Biochem., 189: 475 (1990).
Gendler, S.J., Burchell, J.M., Duhig, T., Lamport, D., White, R., Parker, M. and Taylor-Papadimitriou, J. Cloning of partial cDNA encoding differentiation and tumor-associated mucin glycoproteins expressed by human mammary epithelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84: 6060 (1987).
Gendler, S.J., Lancaster, C.A., Taylor-Papadimitriou, J., Duhig, T., Peat, N., Burchell, J., Pemberton, L., Lalani, E.-N. and Wilson, D. Molecular cloning and expression of the human tumour-associated polymorphic epithelial mucin, PEM. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 15286 (1990).
Siddiqui, J., Abe, M., Hayes, D., Shani, E., Yunis, E. & Kufe, D. (1988) Isolation and sequencing of a cDNA coding for the human DF3 breast carcinoma associated antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85, 2320 (1988).
Abe, M., Siddiqui, J. and Kufe, D.W. Sequence analysis of the 5’ region of the human DF3 breast carcinoma-associated antigen gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 165: 644 (1989).
Ligtenberg, M.J.L., Vos, H.L., Gennissen, A.M.C. and Hilkens, J. Episialin, a carcinoma associated mucin, is generated by a polymorphic gene encoding splice variante with alternative amino termini. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 5573 (1990).
Swallow, D.M., Gendler, S., Griffiths, B., Corney, G., Taylor-Papadimitriou, J. and Bramwell, E. The human tumor-associated epithelial mucins are coded by an expressed hypervariable gene locus PUM. Nature, 328: 82 (1987).
Wreschner, D.H., Hareuveni, M., Tsarfaty, I., Smorodinsky, N., Horev, J., Zaretsky, J., Kotkes, P., Weiss, M., Lathe, R., Dion, A.S., and Keydar, I. Human epithelial tumor antigen cDNA sequences - Differential splicing may generate multiple protein forms. Eur. J. Biochem. 189: 463 (1990).
Tsarfaty, I., Hareuveni, M., Horev, J., Zaretsky, J., Weiss, M., Jeltsch, J.M., Garnier, J.M., Lathe, R. Keydar, I. and Wreschner, D.H. Isolation and characterization of an expressed hypervariable gene and cDNA coding for a breast cancer associated antigen. Gene. 93: 313 (1990).
Zaretsky, J.Z, Weiss, M., Tsarfaty, I., Hareuveni, M., Wreschner, D.H. and Keydar, I. Expression of genes coding for pS2, c-errbB2, estrogen receptor and the H23 breast tumor associated antigen. A comparative analysis in breast cancer. FEES, 265: 46 (1990).
Williams, C.J., Wreschner, D.H., Tanaka, A., Tsarfaty, I., Keydar, I. and Dion, A.A. 1990. Multiple protein forms of the breast tumor-associated epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) are generated by differential splicing and induced by hormonal stimulation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 170: 1331 (1990).
Latchman, D.S. Cell-type-specific splicing factors and the regulation of alternative RNA splicing. The New Biologist, 2: 297 (1990).
Laski, F.A., Rio, D.C. and Rubin, G.M. Tissue specificity of Drosophila P element transposition is regulated at the level of mRNA splicing. Cell 44: 7 (1986).
Siebel, C.W. and Rio, D.C. Regulated splicing of the Drosophila P transposable element third intron in vitro: somatic repression. Science, 248: 1200 (1990).
Craig, N.L. P element transposition, Cell, 62: 299 (1990).
Hareuveni, M., Gautier, C., Kieny, M.P., Wreschner, D.H., Chambon, P. and Lathe, R. Vaccination against tumor cells expressing breast cancer epithelial tumor antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc,. USA. In Press (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wreschner, D.H. et al. (1991). Molecular Analysis of H23 Epithelial Tumor Antigen - Differentially Spliced Full Length cDNAs and Gene. In: Ceriani, R.L. (eds) Breast Epithelial Antigens. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3740-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3740-3_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6665-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3740-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive