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Ionic Channels Involved in the Myocardial Response to Metabolic Stress

  • Chapter
Membrane Physiopathology

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 159))

Abstract

In 1944, Erk and Schaefer (1) reported that anoxemia shortened and decreased the amplitude of monophasic action potentials recorded with suction electrodes in in situ hearts of guinea pigs and cats. These effects were accompanied by flattening of the plateau and were correlated with the shortening of the QT interval and the T wave alterations previously observed in human electrocardiograms. In 1954, Trautwein et al. (2) showed that intracellularly recorded action potentials underwent similar changes on transition from 95 % to 0 % oxygen in the fluid superfusing a ventricular muscle preparation. Within 15 min, the total action potential duration decreased by 20% whereas the plateau duration fell to 50% of the control. These early changes occurred without modification of the resting potential. In addition, it was later shown that action potential shortening also occurs within seconds of coronary ligation (3). This provides a suitable explanation for the deviation of the S-T segment in ischemia which is later followed by a T-Q segment depression arising from depolarization of the resting membrane (4,5). We have made a long way since these pioneer observations and our knowledge and understanding of the ionic basis of the heart electrical activity have considerably deepened in the last years through the development and application of the patch clamp technique (6) to isolated cardiac cells. Although this technique allows a precise determination of the ionic currents underlying the myocardial electrical activity under physiological or simulated pathological conditions, the state of the art is such that the responses observed in single cells cannot yet fully account for the effects observed in multicellular preparations or in the whole heart.

The author wishes to express her appreciation to Dr Jorge Suarez Estrade (University of Cuyo, Argentina) who introduced her to the exploration of the fascinating world of research in the field of cardiac hypoxia.

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  1. Département de Physiologie et Biophysique, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada

    Elena Ruiz Petrich, Fabien deLorenzi, Shufen Cai & Otto F. Schanne

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  1. Elena Ruiz Petrich
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  2. Fabien deLorenzi
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  4. Otto F. Schanne
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Ghassan Bkaily

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Petrich, E.R., deLorenzi, F., Cai, S., Schanne, O.F. (1994). Ionic Channels Involved in the Myocardial Response to Metabolic Stress. In: Bkaily, G. (eds) Membrane Physiopathology. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 159. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2616-2_5

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