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Identification, Biological Functions, and Contribution to Human Diabetes of Islet-Brain 1

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Molecular Basis of Pancreas Development and Function

Part of the book series: Endocrine Updates ((ENDO,volume 11))

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Abstract

The GLUT2 glucose transporter isoform is important for control of glucose homeostasis in vertebrates (1). GLUT2 facilitates the entry of glucose through the plasma membrane of cells found in liver, kidney, small intestine, some restricted areas of the brain, and in the pancreatic β-cells (1,2). The regulated expression of GLUT2 has been extensively studied in vitro and in a number of animal models that have an unbalanced glucose homeostasis. In freshly isolated pancreatic islets or in insulinoma cells, GLUT2 gene expression is positively modulated by glucose (3). In hepatocytes, glucose metabolism upregulates GLUT2 gene expression as assessed by run-on transcription assays (4-6). While glucose increases GLUT2 gene expression in vitro, several reports demonstrate that diabetic hyperglycemia is associated with reduced GLUT2 transcripts in —cells. This has been observed in the neonatal low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat, the GK rat, the db/db mouse, the BB/W rat and the Zucker diabetic fa/fa rat (7-10). Interestingly, GLUT2 suppression by hyperglycaemia is specific to β-cells, and GLUT2 expression remains unchanged in liver or kidneys of diabetic animals (11-13). Apart from GLUT2, several other β-cell expressed genes were also found to be dysregulated in the pancreatic islets of the diabetic animals (14).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, CHUV, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Gérard Waeber M.D. & Christophe Bonny Ph.D.

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  1. Gérard Waeber M.D.
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  2. Christophe Bonny Ph.D.
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

    Joel F. Habener M.D.

  2. Department of Medicine, Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY

    Mehboob A. Hussain M.D.

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© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Waeber, G., Bonny, C. (2001). Identification, Biological Functions, and Contribution to Human Diabetes of Islet-Brain 1. In: Habener, J.F., Hussain, M.A. (eds) Molecular Basis of Pancreas Development and Function. Endocrine Updates, vol 11. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1669-9_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1669-9_13

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5669-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1669-9

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