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Hyperglycemia, Oxidative Stress, and Vascular Complications: Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms

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Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 9))

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Abstract

Vascular disease as evidenced by aberrant endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell physiology represents one of the major complications of diabetes. Although the metabolic disturbances such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia have been well described as main players in the process of vascular dysfunction, epigenetic modifications of gene expression also occur under the hyperglycemic state and modulate cardiovascular homeostasis. The main epigenetic mechanisms that can modify chromatin structure and gene expression include chromatin remodeling via histone modifications or DNA methylation, and gene silencing by small noncoding RNA molecules termed microRNAs. Recent studies have suggested that these epigenetic events either alone or in concert are capable of modulating the expression of multiple target genes involved in redox homeostasis, vascular cell proliferation, and migration, as well as in proinflammatory pathways associated with vascular dysfunction. This review highlights some epigenetic changes induced by hyperglycemic and oxidative states in the vascular system and discusses their potential role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated vascular complications.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) operating grant number 67037 to A.K.S. E.R.S.C. is a recipient of a studentship from the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies of the University of Montreal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Centre de recherche-Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – CRCHUM, 900 St-Denis street, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada

    Estelle R. Simo Cheyou & Ashok K. Srivastava

  2. Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Estelle R. Simo Cheyou & Ashok K. Srivastava

  3. Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Ashok K. Srivastava

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  1. Estelle R. Simo Cheyou
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  2. Ashok K. Srivastava
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Correspondence to Ashok K. Srivastava .

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  1. Department of Biophysics, University of Ankara, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey

    Belma Turan

  2. St. Boniface Hosp. Research, Univ. of Ma Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Cheyou, E.R.S., Srivastava, A.K. (2014). Hyperglycemia, Oxidative Stress, and Vascular Complications: Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms. In: Turan, B., Dhalla, N. (eds) Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 9. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9317-4_6

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