Abstract
The Brazilian Northeast is dominated by the Caatinga, a xeric scrub forest characterized by “semiarid” climatic conditions, with annual precipitation often below 600 mm, and an unpredictable rainy season. North of 13ºS, the Atlantic Forest forms a narrow coastal strip, of only a few dozen kilometers in width, with a relatively humid climate. Both biomes have been subjected to intense anthropogenic habitat fragmentation over the past few decades, although this process has different implications for each ecoregion. In Sergipe, the geographic ranges of two titi species, Callicebus barbarabrownae and Callicebus coimbrai, appear to correlate with the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest, respectively. Titis are relatively rare in the Caatinga, in terms of both the number of populations and their density. In the lower Rio São Francisco basin, 41.2 % of Atlantic Forest fragments (n = 17) had titi populations, whereas only 28.1 % of Caatinga sites (n = 32) had titis. In the ecotone between the two (the Agreste), however, no populations were found (n = 21), suggesting a lacuna in their distribution. Population surveys at sites representative of the distribution of the two titi species indicate that the density of C. coimbrai may be two to four times higher than that of C. barbarabrownae. Overall, the data appear to indicate that while the survival of titi populations in the Caatinga may be dependent on factors such as fragment size and the presence of groundwater, the survival of the populations of the Atlantic Forest may be more closely related to more random factors such as the history of colonization.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to CNPq (processes no. 302747/2008-7 and 476064/2008-2) and Fundação O Boticário de Proteção à Natureza (project no. 0846_20092) for their financial support. The Sergipe State Environment Secretariat (SEMARH) and IBAMA provided logistic support. Individual projects were supported by the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD), CAPES, and FAPITEC-SE. We would also like to thank Sr. Ary Ferreira, José Elias, Marcelo Guigó, Paulo Chaves, and the many people of Sergipe who have supported our fieldwork.
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Ferrari, S.F. et al. (2013). Living on the Edge: Habitat Fragmentation at the Interface of the Semiarid Zone in the Brazilian Northeast. In: Marsh, L., Chapman, C. (eds) Primates in Fragments. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8839-2_9
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