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Toll-Like Receptors and Neuroinflammation

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Neuron-Glia Interaction in Neuroinflammation

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 7))

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Abstract

Inflammatory responses are pathological hallmarks of infectious diseases of the nervous system such as bacterial meningitis and viral encephalitis. Noninfectious neurological disease or injury often accompanies neuroinflammation, although the underlying mechanisms of such “sterile neuroinflammation” are not completely understood. Studies conducted over the past 10 years on the function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the nervous system have shed new light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuroinflammation. TLRs belong to a class of pattern-recognition receptors that play important roles in host defense against pathogens and tissue injury/recovery by recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In the nervous system, different members of the TLR family are expressed on astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells, implicating these glial cells in neuroinflammation in pathological contexts. In this chapter, we summarize recent studies of TLR expression in the cells of the nervous system and discuss its roles in neuroinflammation in the context of infectious diseases as well as noninfectious neurological disorders such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (2011-0027667, 2011-0000934, and 2010-0002149).

Conflict of interest statement Sung Joong Lee declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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  1. Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Sung Joong Lee Ph.D.

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  1. Department of Neuroimmunology Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

    Akio Suzumura

  2. Div of Neurobiology & Neuroinformatics, National Inst of Physiological Science, Aichi, Japan

    Kazuhiro Ikenaka

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Lee, S.J. (2013). Toll-Like Receptors and Neuroinflammation. In: Suzumura, A., Ikenaka, K. (eds) Neuron-Glia Interaction in Neuroinflammation. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 7. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8313-7_9

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