Skip to main content

Presynaptic Glutamate Transport in the Brain

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cholesterol and Presynaptic Glutamate Transport in the Brain

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Neuroscience ((BRIEFSNEUROSCI,volume 12))

  • 438 Accesses

Abstract

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, which is involved in many aspects of normal brain functioning, whereas disturbances in glutamate transport contribute to neuronal dysfunction as well as the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bak LK, Sickmann HM, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS (2005) Activity of the lactate-alanine shuttle is independent of glutamate-glutamine cycle activity in cerebellar neuronal-astrocytic cultures. J Neurosci Res 79:88–96

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS (2006) The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer. J Neurochem 98:641–653

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker DA, Xi ZX, Shen H et al (2002) The origin and neuronal function of in vivo nonsynaptic glutamate. J Neurosci 22:9134–9141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouron A (2001) Modulation of spontaneous quantal release of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. Prog Neurobiol 63:613–635

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Budzinski KL, Allen RW, Fujimoto BS, Kensel-Hammes P, Belnap DM, Bajjalieh SM, Chiu DT (2009) Large structural change in isolated synaptic vesicles upon loading with neurotransmitter. Biophys J 97:2577–2584

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson MD, Ueda T (1990) Accumulated glutamate levels in the synaptic vesicle are not maintained in the absence of active transport. Neurosci Lett 110:325–330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr CM, Munson M (2007) Tag team action at the synapse. EMBO Rep 89:834–838

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavelier P, Attwell D (2005) Tonic release of glutamate by a DIDS-sensitive mechanism in rat hippocampal slices. J Physiol 564:397–410

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cavelier P, Hamann M, Rossi D et al (2005) Tonic excitation and inhibition of neurons: ambient transmitter sources and computational consequences. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 87:3–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YA, Scheller RH (2001) SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2(2):98–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YA, Scales SJ, Patel SM, Doung YC, Scheller RH (1999) SNARE complex formation is triggered by Ca2+ and drives membrane fusion. Cell 97:165–174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalby NO, Mody I (2003) Activation of NMDA receptors in rat dentate gyrus granule cells by spontaneous and evoked transmitter release. J Neurophysiol 90:786–797

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danbolt NC (2001) Glutamate uptake. Prog Neurobiol 65:1–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis KE, Straff DJ, Weinstein EA, Bannerman PG, Correale DM, Rothstein JD, Robinson MB (1998) Multiple signaling pathways regulate cell surface expression and activity of the excitatory amino acid carrier 1 subtype of Glu transporter in C6 glioma. J Neurosci 18:2475–2485

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich D, Kirschstein T, Kukley M, Pereverzev A, von der Brelie C, Schneider T, Beck H (2003) Functional specialization of presynaptic Cav2.3 Ca2+ channels. Neuron 39:483–496

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dowd LA, Robinson MB (1996) Rapid stimulation of EAAC1-mediated Na+-dependent L-glutamate transport activity in C6 glioma cells by phorbol ester. J Neurochem 67:508–516

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dowd LA, Coyle AJ, Rothstein JD, Pritchett DB, Robinson MB (1996) Comparison of Na+-dependent glutamate transport activity in synaptosomes, C6 glioma, and Xenopus oocytes expressing excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1). Mol Pharmacol 49(3):465–473

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EreciÅ„ska M, Silver IA (1990) Metabolism and role of glutamate in mammalian brain. Prog Neurobiol 35(4):245–296

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fonnum F (1984) Glutamate: a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. J Neurochem 42:1–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gegelashvili G, Schousboe A (1997) High affinity glutamate transporters: regulation of expression and activity. Mol Pharmacol 52:6–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grewer C, Gameiro A, Zhang Z, Tao Z, Braams S, Rauen T (2008) Glutamate forward and reverse transport: from molecular mechanism to transporter-mediated release after ischemia. IUBMB Life 60:609–619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Grunewald M, Kanner BI (2000) The accessibility of a novel reentrant loop of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 is restricted by its substrate. J Biol Chem 275:9684–9689

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hogstad S, Svenneby G, Torgner IA, Kvamme E, Hertz L, Schousboe A (1988) Glutaminase in neurons and astrocytes cultured from mouse brain: kinetic properties and effects of phosphate, glutamate, and ammonia. Neurochem Res 13:383–388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jabaudon D, Shimamoto K, Yasuda-Kamatani Y (1999) Inhibition of uptake unmasks rapid extracellular turnover of glutamate of nonvesicular origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:8733–8738

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kvamme E, Torgner IA, Roberg B (2001) Kinetics and localization of brain phosphate activated glutaminase. J Neurosci Res 66:951–958

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laake JH, Slyngstad TA, Haug FMS, Ottersen OP (1995) Glutamine from glial cells is essential for the maintenance of the nerve terminal pool of glutamate: immunogold evidence from hippocampal slice cultures. J Neurochem 65:871–881

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Krantz DE, Waites C, Edwards RH (1999) Membrane trafficking of neurotransmitter transporters in the regulation of synaptic transmission. Trends Cell Biol 9:356–363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makani S, Zagha E (2007) Out of the cleft: the source and target of extra-synaptic glutamate in the CA1 region the hippocampus. J Physiol 582(2):479–480

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Hernandez A, Bell KP, Norenberg MD (1977) Glutamine synthetase: glial localization in brain. Science 195(4284):1356–1358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mastorodemos V, Zaganas I, Spanaki C, Bessa M, Plaitakis A (2005) Molecular basis of human glutamate dehydrogenase regulation under changing energy demands. J Neurosci Res 79:65–73

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida A, Iwata H, Kudo Y et al (2004) Measurement of glutamate uptake and reversed transport by rat synaptosome transporters. Biol Pharm Bull 27:813–816

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nyitrai G, Kékesi KA, Juhász G (2006) Extracellular level of GABA and Glu: in vivo microdialysis-HPLC measurements. Curr Top Med Chem 6:935–940

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palos TP, Ramachandran B, Boado R, Howard BD (1996) Rat C6 and human astrocytic tumor cells express a neuronal type of glutamate transporter. Mol Brain Res 37:297–303

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel AJ, Hunt A, Tahourdin CSM (1983) Regulation of in vivo glutamine synthetase activity by glucocorticoids in the developing rat brain. Dev Brain Res 10:83–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson MB (2002) Regulated trafficking of neurotransmitter transporters: common notes but different melodies. J Neurochem 80:1–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothman JE, Warren G (1994) Implications of the SNARE hypothesis for intracellular membrane topology and dynamics. Curr Biol 4:220–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowley NM, Madsen KK, Schousboe A, White HS (2012) Glutamate and GABA synthesis, release, transport and metabolism as targets for seizure control. Neurochem Int 61:546–558

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutledge EM, Aschner M, Kimelberg HK (1998) Pharmacological characterization of swelling-induced D-[3H]aspartate release from primary astrocyte cultures. Am J Physiol 274:1511–1520

    Google Scholar 

  • Sah P, Hestrin S, Nicoll RA (1989) Tonic activation of NMDA receptors by ambient glutamate enhances excitability of neurons. Science 246:815–818

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sudhof TC (2004) The synaptic vesicle cycle. Annu Rev Neurosci 27:509–547

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sudhof TC, De Camilli P, Niemann H, Jahn R (1993) Membrane fusion machinery: insights from synaptic proteins. Cell 75:1–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takamori S, Holt M, Stenius K, Lemke EA, Gronborg M, Riedel D, Urlaub H, Schenck S, Brügger B, Ringler P, Müller SA, Rammner B, Gräter F, Hub JS, De Groot BL, Mieskes G, Moriyama Y, Klingauf J, Grubmüller H, Heuser J, Wieland F, Jahn R (2006) Molecular anatomy of a trafficking organelle. Cell 127:831–846

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tansey FA, Farooq M, Cammer W (1991) Glutamine synthetase in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes: new biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence. J Neurochem 56:266–272

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vizi ES (2000) Role of high-affinity receptors and membrane transporters in nonsynaptic communication and drug action in the central nervous system. Pharmacol Rev 52:63–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Tang BL (2006) SNAREs in neurons-beyond synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Mol Membr Biol 23(5):377–384

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westphalen RI, Hemmings HC Jr (2006) Volatile anesthetic effects on glutamate versus GABA release from isolated rat cortical nerve terminals: basal release. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 316:208–215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Borisova, T. (2013). Presynaptic Glutamate Transport in the Brain. In: Cholesterol and Presynaptic Glutamate Transport in the Brain. SpringerBriefs in Neuroscience, vol 12. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7759-4_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics