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Cortisol as Mediator of Stress-Associated Immunosuppression in Cattle

  • Chapter
Animal Stress

Abstract

Stress is a term used to describe a wide variety of adverse external influences on an animal. Some researchers consider stress to be the internal manifestation of the external influence, or “stressor.” There is no general agreement as to what constitutes a stress on an animal or how stress should be defined (29). It is clear, however, that stress can lead to increased susceptibility to disease and that the increased susceptibility is partially due to alterations in immune function (47). Other chapters in this book address stress-induced alterations in the immune system and illustrate the complexity of the effects of various stressors. To understand the effects of stress on the immune system it is important to study individual mechanisms of stress-induced immunosuppression. Perhaps the easiest mechanism to separate and define is the immunosuppression caused by increased plasma cortisol concentrations. A general response of the body to stress is the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates the adrenal cortex to increase the synthesis and secretion of cortisol (hydrocortisone). If the effects of cortisol on the immune system can be defined, then the other effects of stress on host defense mechanisms, which may be unique to specific stressors and superimposed on the cortisol effect, can be better understood.

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  1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

    James A. Roth

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  1. Department of Animal Science and California Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA

    Gary P. Moberg

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Roth, J.A. (1985). Cortisol as Mediator of Stress-Associated Immunosuppression in Cattle. In: Moberg, G.P. (eds) Animal Stress. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7544-6_13

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