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Role of Oxidative Stress and Reactive Oxygen Radicals in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis

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Studies on Arthritis and Joint Disorders

Abstract

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease which causes progressive fibrosis of skin and numerous internal organs. Although the etiology of SSc is unknown and the detailed mechanisms responsible for the fibrotic process have not been elucidated, there is strong evidence to support the concept that oxidative stress mediated by an excessive generation of oxidative free radicals plays a crucial role. Elevated levels of markers of oxidative stress and reduced levels of antioxidants have been found in SSc patients, and the most commonly studied animal models of SSc are induced by chemical agents that generate oxidative stress. In this chapter, the available evidence for the participation of oxidative stress in SSc pathogenesis will be reviewed emphasizing the link between free radicals and the process of fibrosis and the potentially beneficial effects of antioxidant treatment for the disease.

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Abbreviations

ADA:

Adenosine deaminase

Col I:

Type I collagen

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ECS:

Extract from fruits of Capparis spinosa L.

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

ERK1/2:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2

ET-1:

Endothelin 1

IPF:

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

NAC:

N-acetylcysteine

NOX:

NADPH oxidase

PDGFR:

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor

PG:

Prostaglandin

((PHTE)(2)NQ):

2,3-bis(phenyltellanyl)naphthoquinone

PTP1B:

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SSc:

Systemic sclerosis

TGF-β1:

Transforming growth factor-β1

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Acknowledgment

Supported by NIH grant 5 R01 AR019616-29 to SAJ.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez Ph.D. & Sergio A. Jimenez M.D.

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  1. Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez Ph.D.
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  2. Sergio A. Jimenez M.D.
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Correspondence to Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fac Farmacia, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Av Vicent Andres Estelles S/n Burjasot, Valencia, 46100, Spain

    Maria Jose Alcaraz

  2. , NEIRID Lab, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Trav. Choupana sn, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain

    Oreste Gualillo

  3. Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Rheumatology Division, Autonoma University, Avda Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain

    Olga Sánchez-Pernaute

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Piera-Velazquez, S., Jimenez, S.A. (2013). Role of Oxidative Stress and Reactive Oxygen Radicals in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis. In: Alcaraz, M., Gualillo, O., Sánchez-Pernaute, O. (eds) Studies on Arthritis and Joint Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6166-1_10

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