Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Renal Parenchymal Tumor Imaging

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Atlas of Genitourinary Oncological Imaging

Part of the book series: Atlas of Oncology Imaging ((AOI,volume 1))

  • 2404 Accesses

Abstract

The kidney is a retroperitoneal structure surrounded by perirenal fat and the renal (Gerota’s) fascia. Most renal tumors arise from the renal parenchyma (renal cell tumors, renal cortical tumors, or renal parenchymal tumors), with a much smaller number arising from the urothelium of the renal pelvis (urothelial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma) or the mesenchyma (e.g., angiomyolipoma, leiomyoma, liposarcoma).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kovacs G, Akhtar M, Beckwith BJ, et al. The Heidelberg classification of renal cell tumours. J Pathol. 1997;183:131–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bosniak MA. The current radiological approach to renal cysts. Radiology. 1986;158:1–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hilpert PL, Friedman AC, Radecki PD, et al. MRI of hemorrhagic renal cysts in polycystic kidney disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986;146:1167–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Israel GM, Bosniak MA. Calcification in cystic renal masses: is it important in diagnosis? Radiology. 2003;226:47–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Israel GM, Bosniak MA. Follow-up CT of moderately complex cystic lesions of the kidney (Bosniak category IIF). AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181:627–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Israel GM, Bosniak MA. How I do it: evaluating renal masses. Radiology. 2005;236:441–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hartman DS, Choyke PL, Hartman MS. A practical approach to the cystic renal mass. Radiographics. 2004;24:S101–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bosniak MA. Problems in the radiologic diagnosis of renal parenchymal tumors. Urol Clin North Am. 1993;20:217–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hopkins JK, Giles Jr HW, Wyatt-Ashmead J, Bigler SA. Best cases from the AFIP: cystic nephroma. Radiographics. 2004;24:589–93.1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Abdulla C, Kaira MK, Saini S, et al. Pseudoenhancement of simulated renal cysts in a phantom using different multidetector CT scanners. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:1473–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Birnbaum BA, Hindman N, Lee J, Babb JS. Renal cyst pseudoenhancement: influence of multidetector CT reconstruction algorithm and scanner type in phantom model. Radiology. 2007;244:767–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Tappouni R, Kissane J, Sarwani N, Lehman EB. Pseudoenhancement of renal cysts: influence of lesion size, lesion location, slice thickness, and number of MDCT detectors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;198:133–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Jinzaki M, Tanimoto A, Mukai M, et al. Double-phase helical CT of small renal parenchymal neoplasms: correlation with pathologic findings and tumor angiogenesis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2000;24:835–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim JK, Kim TK, Ahn HJ, et al. Differentiation of subtypes of renal cell carcinoma on helical CT scans. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;178:1499–506.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang J, Lefkowitz RA, Ishill NM, et al. Solid renal cortical tumors: differentiation with CT. Radiology. 2007;244:494–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang J, Lefkowitz RA, Wang L, et al. Significance of peritumoral vascularity on CT in evaluation of renal cortical tumor. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2007;31:717–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pedrosa I, Chou MT, Ngo L, et al. MR classification of renal masses with pathologic correlation. Eur Radiol. 2008;18:365–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Outwater EK, Bhatia M, Siegelman ES, et al. Lipid in renal clear cell carcinoma: detection on opposed-phase gradient-echo MR images. Radiology. 1997;205:103–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Pedrosa I, Sun MR, Spencer M, et al. MR imaging of renal masses: correlation with findings at surgery and pathologic analysis. Radiographics. 2008;28:985–1003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Wagner BJ. The kidney: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 1997;5:13–28.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Vikram R, Ng CS, Tamboli P, et al. Papillary renal cell carcinoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation and spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 2009;29:741–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Raj GV, Bach AM, Iasonos A, et al. Predicting the histology of renal masses using preoperative Doppler ultrasonography. J Urol. 2007;177:53–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Herts BR, Coll DM, Novick AC, et al. Enhancement characteristics of papillary renal neoplasms revealed on triphasic helical CT of the kidneys. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;178:367–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kim JK, Kim SH, Jang YJ, et al. Renal angiomyolipoma with minimal fat: differentiation from other neoplasms at double-echo chemical shift FLASH MR imaging. Radiology. 2006;239:174–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Brinker DA, Amin MB, de Peralta-Venturina M, et al. Extensively necrotic cystic renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study with comparison to other cystic and necrotic renal cancers. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24:988–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Delahunt B, Eble JN. Papillary renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 105 tumors. Mod Pathol. 1997;10:537–44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Yamada T, Endo M, Tsuboi M, et al. Differentiation of pathologic subtypes of papillary renal cell carcinoma on CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191:1559–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Roy C, Sauer B, Lindner V, et al. MR imaging of papillary renal neoplasms: potential application for characterization of small renal masses. Eur Radiol. 2007;17:193–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Shinmoto H, Yvasa Y, Tanimoto A, et al. Small cell carcinoma: MRI with pathologic correlation. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1998;8:690–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Yoshimitsu K, Irie H, Tajima T, et al. MR imaging of renal cell carcinoma: its role in determining cell type. Radiat Med. 2004;22:371–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sussmann SK, Glickstein MF, Krzymowski GA. Hypointense renal cell carcinoma: MR imaging with pathologic correlation. Radiology. 1990;177:495–7.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Oliva MR, Glickman JN, Zou KH, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: T1 and T2 signal intensity characteristics of papillary and clear cell types correlated with pathology. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192:1524–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Sun MR, Ngo L, Genega EM, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging for differentiation of tumor subtypes – correlation with pathologic findings. Radiology. 2009;250:793–802.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Cochand-Priollet B, Molinie V, Bougaran J, et al. Renal chromophobe cell carcinoma and oncocytoma: a comparative morphologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study of 124 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1997;121:1081–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Rosenkrantz AB, Hindman N, Fitzgerald EF, et al. MRI features of renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195:W421–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kim JI, Cho JY, Moon KC, et al. Segmental enhancement inversion at biphasic multidetector CT: characteristic finding of small renal oncocytoma. Radiology. 2009;252:441–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Quinn MJ, Hartman DS, Friedman AC, et al. Renal oncocytoma: new observations. Radiology. 1984;153:49–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Davidson AJ, Hayes WS, Hartman DS, et al. Renal oncocytoma and carcinoma: failure of differentiation with CT. Radiology. 1993;186:693–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. McGahan JP, Lamba R, Fisher J, et al. Is segmental enhancement inversion on enhanced biphasic MDCT a reliable sign for the noninvasive diagnosis of renal oncocytomas? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;197:W674–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Harmon WJ, King BF, Lieber MM. Renal oncocytoma: magnetic resonance imaging characteristics. J Urol. 1996;155:863–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Wagner BJ, Wong-You-Cheong JJ, Davis Jr CJ. Adult renal hamartomas. Radiographics. 1997;17:155–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Simpfendorfer C, Herts BR, Motta-Ramirez GA, et al. Angiomyolipoma with minimal fat on MDCT: can counts of negative-attenuation pixels aid diagnosis? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192:438–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Kutikov A, Fossett LK, Ramchandani P, et al. Incidence of benign pathologic findings at partial nephrectomy for solitary renal mass presumed to be renal cell carcinoma on preoperative imaging. Urology. 2006;68:737–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Jinzaki M, Tanimoto A, Narimatsu Y, et al. Angiomyolipoma: imaging findings in lesions with minimal fat. Radiology. 1997;205:497–502.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Israel GM, Bosniak MA, Slywotzky CM, et al. CT differentiation of large exophytic renal angiomyolipomas and perirenal liposarcomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:769–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Siegel CL, Middleton WD, Teefey FA, McClennan BL. Angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma: US differentiation. Radiology. 1996;198:789–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Prasad SR, Humphrey PA, Menias CO, et al. Neoplasms of the renal medulla: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2005;25:369–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Chao D, Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, et al. Collecting duct renal cell carcinoma: clinical study of a rare tumor. J Urol. 2002;167:71–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Pickhardt PJ, Siegel CL, McLarney JK. Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: are imaging findings suggestive of the diagnosis? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176:627–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Davis Jr CJ, Mostofi FK, Sesterhenn IA. Renal medullary carcinoma: the seventh sickle cell nephropathy. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:1–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Davidson AJ, Choyke PL, Hartman DS, Davis Jr CJ. Renal medullary carcinoma associated with sickle cell trait: radiologic findings. Radiology. 1995;195:83–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Hartman DS, David Jr CJ, Goldman SM, et al. Renal lymphoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation of 21 cases. Radiology. 1982;144:759–66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Urban BA, Fishman EK. Renal lymphoma: CT patterns with emphasis on helical CT. Radiographics. 2000;20:197–212.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Zhang J, Lefkowitz RA, Bach A. Imaging of kidney cancer. Radiol Clin North Am. 2007;45:119–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Cohan RH, Dunnick NR, Leder RA, et al. Computed tomography of renal lymphoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1990;14:933–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Heiken JP, Gold RP, Schnur MJ, et al. Computed tomography of renal lymphoma with ultrasound correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1983;7:245–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Shirkhoda A, Lewis E. Renal sarcoma and sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: CT and angiographic features. Radiology. 1987;162:353–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Vogelzang NJ, Fremgen AM, Guinan PD, et al. Primary renal sarcoma in adults. A natural history and management study by the American Cancer Society, Illinois Division. Cancer. 1993;71:804–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Rha SE, Byun JY, Jung SE, et al. The renal sinus: pathologic spectrum and multimodality imaging approach. Radiographics. 2004;24 Suppl 1:S117–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Curry NS. Small renal masses (lesions smaller than 3 cm): imaging evaluation and management. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;164:355–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Israel GM, Krinsky GA. MR imaging of the kidneys and adrenal glands. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003;41:145–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Wagle DG, Moore RH, Murphy GP. Secondary carcinomas of the kidney. J Urol. 1975;114:30–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Zhang J, Israel GM, Krinsky GA, Lee VS. Masses and pseudomasses of the kidney: imaging spectrum on MR. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2004;28:588–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Sheth S, Scatarige JC, Horton KM. Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of renal cell carcinoma: role of multidetector CT and three-dimensional CT. Radiographics. 2001;21(spec no):S237–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Kopka L, Fischer U, Zoeller G, et al. Dual-phase helical CT of the kidney: value of the corticomedullary and nephrographic phase for evaluation of renal lesions and preoperative staging of renal cell carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169:1573–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Johnson CD, Dunnick NR, Cohan RH, Illescas FF. Renal adenocarcinoma: CT staging of 100 tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148:59–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Russo P. Renal cell carcinoma: presentation, staging, and surgical treatment. Semin Oncol. 2000;27:160–76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Kallman DA, King BF, Hattery RR, et al. Renal vein and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma: CT, US, MRI, and venacavography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1992;16:240–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Staehler G, Brkovic D. The role of radical surgery for renal cell carcinoma with extension into the vena cava. J Urol. 2000;163:1671–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Zeman RK, Cronan JJ, Rosenfield AT, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: dynamic thin-section CT assessment of vascular invasion and tumor vascularity. Radiology. 1988;167:393–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Zagoria RJ, Bechtold RE, Dyer RB. Staging of renal adenocarcinoma: role of various imaging procedures. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;164:363–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Ng CS, Wood CG, Silverman PM, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: diagnosis, staging, and surveillance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191:1220–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Dinney CPN, Awad SA, Gajewski JB, et al. Analysis of imaging modalities, staging systems, and prognostic indicators for renal cell carcinoma. Urology. 1992;36:22–9.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Thrasher JB, Paulson DF. Prognostic factors in renal cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 1993;20:247–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Pretorius ES, Siegelman ES, Ramchandani P, et al. Renal neoplasms amenable to partial nephrectomy: MR imaging. Radiology. 1999;212:28–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Joniau S, Vander Eeckt K, Van Poppel H. The indications for partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2006;3:198–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Israel GM, Hecht E, Bosniak MA. CT and MR imaging of complications of partial nephrectomy. Radiographics. 2006;26:1419–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Gill IS. Minimally invasive nephron-sparing surgery. Urol Clin North Am. 2003;30:551–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Heye S, Maleux G, Van Poppel H, et al. Hemorrhagic complications after nephron-sparing surgery: angiographic diagnosis and management by transcatheter embolization. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184:1661–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Albani JM, Novick AC. Renal artery pseudoaneurysm after partial nephrectomy: three cases and a literature review. Urology. 2003;62:227–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Chen KC. Lymphatic abnormalities in patients with chyluria. J Urol. 1971;106:111–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Miller FH, Keppke AL, Yaghmai V, et al. CT diagnosis of chyluria after partial nephrectomy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188:W25–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Tuck J, Pearce I, Pantelides M. Chyluria after radical nephrectomy treated with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. J Urol. 2000;164:778–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Ciferri F, Glovsky MM. Chronic chyluria: a clinical study of three patients. J Urol. 1985;133:631–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Hilton S. Imaging of renal cell carcinoma. Semin Oncol. 2000;27:150–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Chin AI, Lam JS, Figlin RA, Belldegrun AS. Surveillance strategies for renal cell carcinoma patients following nephrectomy. Rev Urol. 2006;8:1–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Chae EJ, Kim JK, Kim SH, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: analysis of postoperative recurrence patterns. Radiology. 2005;234:189–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Kawamoto S, Permpongkosol S, Bluemke DA, et al. Sequential changes after radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation of renal neoplasms: role of CT and MR imaging. Radiographics. 2007;27:343–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Matsumoto ED, Watumull L, Johnson DB, et al. The radiographic evolution of radiofrequency ablated renal tumors. J Urol. 2004;172:45–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Gill IS, Remer EM, Hasan WA, et al. Renal cryoablation: outcome at 3 years. J Urol. 2005;173:1903–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Merkle EM, Nour SG, Lewin JS. MR imaging follow-up after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma: findings in 18 patients during first 6 months. Radiology. 2005;235:1065–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Robert A. Lefkowitz M.D. & Jingbo Zhang M.D.

Authors
  1. Robert A. Lefkowitz M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jingbo Zhang M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert A. Lefkowitz M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, York Avenue 1275, New York, 10065, New York, USA

    Ariadne M Bach

  2. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, York Avenue 1275, New York, 10065, New York, USA

    Jingbo Zhang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lefkowitz, R.A., Zhang, J. (2013). Renal Parenchymal Tumor Imaging. In: Bach, A., Zhang, J. (eds) Atlas of Genitourinary Oncological Imaging. Atlas of Oncology Imaging, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4872-3_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4872-3_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4871-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-4872-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation