Abstract
Carbohydrates coat most cell types and are closely involved in various biological events. Their structures are complex to analyze owing to their branched nature, the diversity of secondary modifications of monomers, and their indirect relationship to the genome. Additionally, the range of cellular milieu in which glycan modifications are found is immense. Thus, despite genomics and proteomics being highly comprehensible and manageable to most scientists, technologies to assess glycan structures rapidly are still in their infancy. Recently, interest in profiling the glycome has increased due to the potential of glycans as disease markers. Incidentally, mass spectrometry is emerging as a powerful technique for profiling the glycome. This manuscript focuses on current progress in glycomics, including new mass spectrometry-based high-throughput techniques for glycan purification and annotation, the recent work on enhancing microarray methodologies to decipher the glycome, and the scope of glycans as disease markers.
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Abbreviations
- MS:
-
Mass spectrometry
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- CE:
-
Capillary electrophoresis
- LIF:
-
Laser-induced fluorescent detection
- HPAEC:
-
High pH anion-exchange chromatography
- CDG:
-
Congenital disorders of glycosylation
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Acknowledgements
G.G. thanks the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India for the award of Senior Research Fellowship. A.S. is a J.C. Bose fellow of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and thanks for the support of basic research by grants from Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and DST, Government of India.
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Gupta, G., Surolia, A. (2012). Glycomics: An Overview of the Complex Glycocode. In: Sudhakaran, P., Surolia, A. (eds) Biochemical Roles of Eukaryotic Cell Surface Macromolecules. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 749. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3381-1_1
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