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Microdialysis and Microfiltration: Technology and Cerebral Applications for Energy Substrates

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Neural Metabolism In Vivo

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 4))

Abstract

This chapter is divided into four parts.

  1. 1.

    Sampling methods, detection technologies and quantitative aspects of monitoring cerebral energy substrates in living brain, mainly glucose and lactate, are reviewed, including microdialysis, microfiltration and biosensors. Advances in the field, including metaquant sampling, in situ microsensors, as well as choice of hollow fiber materials for microdialysis and microfiltration are discussed.

  2. 2.

    Experimental and clinical applications of cerebral microdialysis of glucose and lactate are reviewed. Effects of drugs, physiological stimuli and pathological conditions (e.g. hypoxia, ischemia, head or spinal cord trauma) are discussed. For clinical monitoring in neurointensive care low time resolution microdialysis at 0.5–1 min intervals and on-line detection by a biosensor assay may provide immediate information on the metabolic consequences of therapeutic interventions during surgery.

  3. 3.

    The significance of intracerebral trafficking of glucose and lactate in the interstitial space is reviewed and addressed in some detail in an experimental study. In this study ultraslow microdilaysis and reverse dialysis of exogenous glucose or lactate is used to assess the relative glucose and lactate turnover at steady state. It is concluded that only about 12% of the brain’s energy substrates traffick through this compartment.

  4. 4.

    Finally, an attempt is made to link our current knowledge of brain energy metabolism to physiological events in the brain. In this context we discuss the concepts of metabolic and potential brain energy. Potential brain energy, defined as the large ionic gradients over neuronal membranes and storage of glutamate and GABA in synaptic vesicles, is considered a necessary condition for fast neuronal processing, whereas metabolic brain energy (i.e. consumption of glucose and oxygen) serves to restore high levels of potential energy.

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Acknowledgements

Support of the Commission of the European Communities, Director General for DG XII Science, Research and Development, Biomed 2 Program PL-972726, and of Dutch Technology Foundation (STW; grants GGN 4680 and GPG 6038) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Kirsten Huinink & Jakob Korf

  2. Molecular Neurosciences, South Denmark University, Odense, Denmark

    Jan Bert Gramsbergen Ph.D.

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  1. Kirsten Huinink
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  2. Jakob Korf
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  3. Jan Bert Gramsbergen Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Jakob Korf .

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  1. School of Medicine, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas, Rainbow Blvd. 3901, Kansas City, 66160, Kansas, USA

    In-Young Choi

  2. Inst. Physique de la Matière Complexe, Labo. d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle et, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland

    Rolf Gruetter

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Huinink, K., Korf, J., Gramsbergen, J.B. (2012). Microdialysis and Microfiltration: Technology and Cerebral Applications for Energy Substrates. In: Choi, IY., Gruetter, R. (eds) Neural Metabolism In Vivo. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1788-0_13

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