Abstract
From studies on tumor development in animals to identification of the first oncogene, the Src family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases has been a focus of intense biological and medical interest for over 100 years. Aberrant signaling through Src and its eight related kinases has been found to be a common event in a range of human cancers, and increasing attention is being paid to inhibition of these kinases for the targeted therapy of cancer.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allgayer H, Boyd DD, Heiss MM, Abdalla EK, Curley SA, Gallick GE (2002) Activation of Src kinase in primary colorectal carcinoma: an indicator of poor clinical prognosis. Cancer 94:344–351
Araujo J, Armstrong AJ, Braud EL, Posadas E, Lonberg M, Gallick GE Trudel GC, Paliwal P, Agrawal S, and Logothetis CJ (2009) Dasatinib and docetaxel combination treatment for patients with castration-resistance progressive prostate cancer: a phase I/II study (CA180086). J Clin Oncol 27(15S):249s [abstract 5061]
Araujo JC, Mathew P, Armstrong AJ, Braud EL, Posadas E, Lonberg M, Gallick GE, Trudel GC, Paliwal P, Agrawal S, Logothetis SJ (2011) Dasatinib combined with docetaxel for castration-resistant prostate cancer: results from a phase 1/2 study. Cancer. (in press)
Avizienyte E, Wyke AW, Jones RJ, McLean GW, Westhoff MA, Brunton VG, Frame MC (2002) Src-induced deregulation of E-cadherin in colon cancer cells requires integrin signalling. Nat Cell Biol 4:632–638
Basu J (2004) Protein palmitoylation and dynamic modulation of protein function. Current Science 87(2):212–217
Bjorge JD, Pang A, Fujita DJ (2000) Identification of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B as the major tyrosine phosphatase activity capable of dephosphorylating and activating c-Src in several human breast cancer cell lines. J Biol Chem 275(52):41439–41446
Bolen JB, Veillette A, Schwartz AM, DeSeau V, Rosen N (1987) Activation of pp 60c-src protein kinase activity in human colon carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84:2251–2255
Boyce BF, Yoneda T, Lowe C, Soriano P, Mundy GR (1992) Requirement of pp 60c-src expression for osteoclasts to form ruffled borders and resorb bone in mice. J Clin Invest 90:1622–1627
Boyle WJ, Simonet WS, Lacey DL (2003) Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature 423:337–342
Broome MA, Hunter T (1997) The PDGF receptor phosphorylates Tyr138 in the c-Src SH3 domain in vivo reducing peptide ligand binding. Oncogene 14:17–34
Cartwright CA, Coad CA, Egbert BM (1994) Elevated c-Src tyrosine kinase activity in premalignant epithelia of ulcerative colitis. J Clin Invest 93:509–515
Chen T, Pengetnze Y, Taylor CC (2005) Src inhibition enhances paclitaxel cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells by caspase-9-independent activation of caspase-3. Mol Cancer Ther 4:217–224
Coluccia AM, Benati D, Dekhil H, DeFilippo A, Lan C, Gambacorti-Passerini C (2006) SKI-606 decreases growth and motility of colorectal cancer cells by preventing pp 60 (c-Src)-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin and its nuclear signaling. Cancer Res 66:2279–2286
Demory ML, Boerner JL, Davidson R, Faust W, Miyake T, Lee I, Hüttemann M, Douglas R, Haddad G, Parsons SJ (2009) Epidermal growth factor receptor translocation to the mitochondria: regulation and effect. J Biol Chem 284:36592–36604
Duxbury MS, Ito H, Zinner MJ, Ashley SW, Whang EE (2004a) Inhibition of SRC tyrosine kinase impairs inherent and acquired gemcitabine resistance in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Clin Cancer Res 10:2307–2318
Duxbury MS, Ito H, Zinner MJ, Ashley SW, Whang EE (2004b) siRNA directed against c-Src enhances pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell gemcitabine chemosensitivity. J Am Coll Surg 198:953–959
Efstathiou E, Logothetis CJ (2010) A new therapy paradigm for prostate cancer founded on clinical observations. Clin Cancer Res 16:1100–1107
Fizazi K (2007) The role of Src in prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 18:1765–1773
Garcia R, Parikh NU, Saya H, Gallick GE (1991) Effect of herbimycin a on growth and pp 60c-src activity in human colon tumor cell lines. Oncogene 6:1983–1989
Goldenberg-Furmanov M, Stein I, Pikarsky E, Rubin H, Kasem S, Wygoda M, Weinstein I, Reuveni H, Ben-Sasson SA (2004) Lyn is a target gene for prostate cancer; sequence-based inhibition induces regression of human tumor xenografts. Cancer Res 64:1058–1066
Griffiths GJ, Koh MY, Brunton VG, Cawthorne C, Reeves NA, Greaves M, Tilby MJ, Pearson DG, Ottley CJ, Workman P, Frame MC, Dive C (2004) Expression of kinase-defective mutants of c-Src in human metastatic colon cancer cells decreases Bcl-xl and increases oxaliplatin- and Fas-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 279:46113–46121
Guarino M, Rubino B, Ballabio G (2007) The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer pathology. Pathology 39:305–318
Han NM, Curley SA, Gallick GE (1996) Differential activation of pp 60(c-src) and pp62 (c-yes) in human colorectal carcinoma liver metastases. Clin Cancer Res 8:1397–1404
Hay ED (1995) An overview of epithelio-mesenchymal transformation. Acta Anat 154:8–20
Hunter T, Sefton BM (1980) Transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma virus phosphorylates tyrosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77:1311–1315
Ignelzi MA Jr, Miller DR, Soriano P, Maness PF (1994) Impaired neurite outgrowth of Src-minus cerebellar neurons on the cell adhesion molecular L1. Neuron 12:873–884
Irby RB, Mao W, Coppola D, Kang J, Loubeau JM, Trudeau W, Karl R, Fujita DJ, Jove R, Yeatman TJ (1999) Activating SRC mutation in a subset of advanced human colon cancers. Nat Genet 21:187–190
Ishizawar R, Parsons SJ (2004) C-Src and cooperating partners in human cancer. Cancer Cell 6:209–214
Johnson FM, Gallick GE (2007) Src family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases as molecular targets for cancer therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 7:651–659
Koegl M, Zlatkine P, Ley SC, Courtneidge SA, and Magee AI. (1994) Palmitoylation of multiple Src-family kinases at a homologous N-terminal motif. Biochem J. 303 (pt3): 749-53. [Mol Cell. 1999; 3(5):629–38]
Kopetz S (2007) Targeting Src and epidermal growth factor receptor in colorectal cancer: rationale and progress into the clinic. Gastrointest Canc Res 1(4 Suppl 2):S37–S41
Kopetz S, Shah AN, Gallick GE (2007) Src continues aging: current and future clinical directions. Clin Cancer Res 13(24):7232–7236
Lee LF, Louie MC, Desai SJ, Yang J, Chen HW, Evans CP, Kung HJ (2004) Interleukin-8 confers androgen-independent growth and migration of LNCaP: differential effects of tyrosine kinases Src and FAK. Oncogene 23:2197–2205
Loganzo F Jr, Dosik JS, Zhao Y, Vidal MJ, Nanus DM, Sudol M, Albino AP (1993) Elevated expression of protein tyrosine kinase c-Yes, but not c-Src, in human malignant melanoma. Oncogene 8:2367–2644
Lowe C, Yoneda T, Boyce BF, Chen H, Mundy GR, Soriano P (1993) Osteopetrosis in Src-deficient mice is due to an autonomous defect of osteoclasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:4485–4489
Lowell CA, Soriano P (1996) Knockouts of Src-family kinases: stiff bones, wimpy T cells, and bad memories. Genes Dev 10:1845–1857
Lowell CA, Niwa M, Soriano P, Varmus HE (1996) Deficiency of the Hck and Src tyrosine kinases results in extreme levels of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Blood 87:1780–1792
Mao W, Irby R, Coppola D, Fu L, Wloch M, Turneer J, Yu H, Garcia R, Jove R, Yeatman TJ (1997) Activation of c-Src by receptor tyrosine kinases in human colon cancer cells with high metastatic potential. Oncogene 15:3083–3090
Martin GS (1970) Rous sarcoma virus: a function required for the maintenance of the transformed state. Nature 227:1021–1023
Masumoto N, Nakaon S, Fujishima H, Kohno K, Niho Y (1999) v-src induces cisplatin resistance by increasing the repair of cisplatin-DNA interstrand cross-links in human gallbladder adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 80:731–737
Morgan L, Gee J, Pumford S, Farrow L, Finlay P, Robertson J, Ellis I, Kawakatsu H, Nicholson R, Hiscox S (2009) Elevated Src kinase activity attenuates tamoxifen response in vitro and is associated with a poor prognosis clinically. Cancer Biol Ther 8:1550–1558
Park J, Cartwright CA (1995) Src activity increases and Yes activity decreases during mitosis of human colon carcinoma cells. Mol Cell Biol 15:2374–2382
Park SI, Zhang J, Phillips KA, Araujo JC, Najjar AM, Volgin AY, Gelovani JG, Kim SJ, Wang Z, Gallick GE (2008) Targeting SRC family kinases inhibits growth and lymph node metastases of prostate cancer in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Cancer Res 68:3323–3333
Paronetto MP, Farini D, Sammarco I, Maturo G, vespasiani G, Geremia R, Rossi P, Sette C (2004) Expression of a truncated form of the c-Kit tyrosine kinase receptor and activation of Src kinase in human prostate cancer. Am J Pathol 164:1243–1251
Qin B, Ariyama H, Baba E, Tanaka R, Kusaba H, Harada M, Nakano S (2006) Activated Src and Ras induced gefitinib resistance by activation of signaling pathways downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor in human gallbladder adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 58:577–584
Roskoski R Jr (2005) Src kinase regulation by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 331:1–14
Ross FP (2006) M-CSF, c-Fms, and signaling in osteoclasts and their precursors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1068:110–116
Rous P (1911) A sarcoma of the fowl transmissible by an agent separable from the tumor cells. J Exp Med 13:397–411
Shah AN, Gallick GE (2007) Src, chemoresistance and epithelial to mesenchymal transition: are they related? Anticancer Drugs 18(4):371–375
Shenoy S, Chackalaparampil I, Bagrodia S, Lin PH, Shalloway D (1992) Role of p34cdc2-mediated phosphorylations in two-step activation of pp 60c-src during mitosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:7237–7241
Soriano P, Montgomery C, Geske R, Bradley A (1991) Targeted disruption of the c-Src proto-oncogene leads to osteopetrosis in mice. Cell 64(4):693–702
Staley CA, Parikh NU, Gallick GE (1997) Decreased tumorigenicity of a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line by an antisense expression vector specific for c-Src. Cell Growth Differ 8:269–274
Stehelin D, Varmus HE, Bishop JM, Vogt PK (1976) DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA. Nature 260:170–173
Stein PL, Vogel H, Soriano P (1994) Combined deficiencies of Src, Fyn, and Yes tyrosine kinases in mutant mice. Genes Dev 8:1999–2007
Stover DR, Liebetanz J, Lydon NB (1994) Cdc2-mediated modulation of the pp 60c-src activity. J Biol Chem 269:26885–26889
Stover DR, Furet P, Lydon NB (1996) Modulation of the SH2 binding specificity and kinase activity of Src by tyrosine phosphorylation within its SH2 domain. J Biol Chem 271:12481–12487
Summy JM, Gallick GE (2003) Src family kinases in tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 22:337–358
Summy JM, Gallick GE (2006) Treatment for advanced tumors: Src reclaims center stage. Clin Cancer Res 12(5):1398–1401
Thomas SM, Brugge JS (1997) Cellular functions regulated by Src family kinases. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 13:513–609
Trevino JG, Summy JM, Gallick GE (2006) Src inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for human cancers. Mini Rev Med Chem 6:681–687
Vadlamudi RK, Sahin AA, Adam L, Wang RA, Kumar R (2003) Heregulin and HER2 signaling selectively Activates c-Src phosphorylation at tyrosine 215. FEBS Lett 543:76–80
Veillette A, Foss FM, Sausville EA, Bolen JB, Rosen N (1987) Expression of the lck tyrosine kinase gene in human colon carcinoma and other non-lymphoid human tumor cell lines. Oncogene Res 1:357–374
Wiener JR, Windham TC, Estrella VC, Parikh NU, Thall PF, Deavers MT, Bast RC, Mills GB, Gallick GE (2003) Activated SRC protein tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in late-stage human ovarian cancers. Gynecol Oncol 88:73–79
Xu W, Doshi A, Lei M, Eck MJ, Harrison SC (1999) Crystal structures of c-Src reveal features of its autoinhibitory mechanism. Mol Cell 3(5):629–638
Yang S, Zhang Y, Rodriguez RM, Ries WL, Key LL Jr (1996) Functions of the M-CSF receptor on osteoclasts. Bone 18:355–360
Zhu S, Bjorge JD, Fujita DJ (2007) PTP1B contributes to the oncogenic properties of colon cancer cells through Src activation. Cancer Res 67(21):10129–10137
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wiener, J.R., Gallick, G.E. (2012). Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinases and Their Roles in Cancer. In: Frank, D. (eds) Signaling Pathways in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1216-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1216-8_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-1215-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-1216-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)