Abstract
With sufficient dose and qualities of radiation, cell injury causes release of important circulating mediators, cell death and, in those cells which do survive, delayed effects or subtle changes in cell physiology which can sensitize them to other insults. Gastrointestinal damage occurs at the upper end of the intermediate dose range, but hematopoietic damage occurs at the lower end (i.e. 150–200 cGy). However, subtle metabolic and physiologic deficiencies may occur in other organ systems. For example, at intermediate doses of radiation, cardiovascular changes may not be apparent, but these doses may sensitize the individual to sepsis or certain therapeutic drugs which also alter cardiovascular physiology.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alter, W.A., III, Hawkins, R.N., Catravas, G.N., Doyle, T.F., and Takenaga, J.K., 1983, Possible role of histamine in radiation induced hypotension in the rhesus monkey, Radiat. Res., 94:654.
Brodal, A., 1969, The reticular formation, in “Neurological Anatomy,” Oxford University Press, New York.
Bruner, A., Bogo, V., and Henderson, E.A., 1975, Dose-rate effects of 60Co irradiation on performance and physiology in monkeys, in Topical Report DNA 3660T, Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education-and Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Carmichael, A.J., Arroyo, C.M., and Cockerham, L.G., Reaction of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) with hydrated electrons, J. free Rad. Biol. Med. (In Press)
Carraway, R.E., Cochrane, D.E., Lansman, J.B., Leeman, S.E. Paterson, B.M., and Welch, H.J., 1982, Neurotensin stimulates exocytotic histamine secretion from rat mast cells and elevates plasma histamine levels, J. Physiol., 323:403.
Cerveny, T.J., Forcino, C.D., Smart, S.W., and Cockerham, L.G., 1987, Postradiation cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier disruption in the primate, Fed. Proc., 46:354.
Chapman, P.H., and Young, R.J., 1968, Effect of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on blood pressure and cerebral blood flow in the Macaca mulatta, Radiat. Res., 35:78.
Cochrane, D.E., Emigh, C., Levine, G., Carraway, R.E., and Leeman, S.E., 1982, Neurotensin alters cutaneous vascular permeability and stimulates histamine release from isolated skin, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 400:396.
Cockerham, L.G., Bogo, V., and Gossett-Hagerman, C.J., 1984a, Gamma radiation produced performance decrement in rat assessed with the accelerod, Neurosci. Letters, 49:297.
Cockerham, L.G., Doyle, T.F., Donlon, M.A., and Helgeson, E.A., 1984b, Canine postradiation histamine levels and subsequent response to Compound 48/80, Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 55:1041.
Cockerham, L.G., Doyle, T.F., Donlon, M.A., and Gossett-Hagerman, C.J., 1985, Antihistamines block radiation-induced increased intestinal blood flow in canines, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 5:597.
Cockerham, L.G., Cerveny, T.J., and Hampton, J.D., 1986a, Postradiation regional cerebral blood flow in primates, Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 57:578.
Cockerham, L.G., Doyle, T.F., Pautler, E.L., and Hampton, J.D., 1986b, Disodium cromoglycate, a mast cell stabilizer, alters postradiation regional cerebral blood flow in primates, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 18:91.
Cockerham, L.G., Pautler, E.L., Carraway, R.E., Cochrane, D.E., and Hampton, J.D., 1988a, Effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and antihistamines on postirradiation cerebral blood flow and plasma levels of histamine and neurotensin, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. (In Press)
Cockerham, L.G., Arroyo, C.M., and Hampton, J.D., 1988b, Effects of 4-hydroxypyrazoio (3,4-d) pryimidine (Allopurinol) on postirradiation cerebral blood flow: Implications of free radical involvement, J. Free Rad. Biol. Med. (In Press)
Curran, C.R., Young, R.W., and Davis, W.F., 1973, The performance of primates following exposure to pulsed whole-body gamma-neutron radiation, in AFRRI SR73-1, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD.
de Haan, H.J., Kaplan, S.J., and Germas, J.E., 1969, Visual discrimination performance in the monkey following a 5,000-rad pulse of mixed gamma-neutron radiation, in AFRRI SR69-1, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Doyle, T.F., Curran, C.R., and Turns, J.E., 1974, The prevention of radiation-induced, early transient incapacitation of monkeys by an antihistamine, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. Med., 145:1018.
Doyle, T.F., and Strike, T.A., 1977, Radiation-released histamine in the rhesus monkey as modified by mast-cell depletion and antihistamine, Experientia, 33:1047.
Dunn, A.J., Snijders, R., Hurd, R.W., and Kramarcy, N.R., 1982, Induction of catalepsy by central nervous system administration of neurotensin, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 400:345.
Edvinsson, L., Cervos-Navarro, J., Larsson, L.-I., Owman, C.H., and Ronnberg A.-L., 1977, Regional distribution of mast cells containing histamine, dopamine, or 5-hydroxytryptamine in the mammalian brain, Neurology, 27:878.
Eisen, V.D., and Wilson, C.W.M., 1957, The effect of B-irradiation on skin histamine and vascular responses in the rat, J. Physiol., 136:122.
Forcino, C.D., Cerveny, T.J., and Cockerham, L.G., 1986, Dose dependent postradiation changes in primate blood pressure and cerebral blood flow, Physiologist, 29:129.
Gross, P.M., 1982, Cerebral histamine: Indications for neuronal and vascular regulation, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metabol., 2:3.
Gross, P.M., Teascale, G.M., Angerson, W.J. and Harper, A.M. 1981, H2-receptors mediate increases in permeability of the blood-brain barrier during arterial histamine infusion, Brain Res., 210:396.
Henry, J.C., 1982, Electrophysiological Studies on the neuroactive properties of neurotensin, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 400:216.
Kirino, T., and Sano, K., 1984, Selective vulnerability in the gerbil hippocampus following ischemia, Acta Neuropathol., 62:201
Klatzo, I., Suzuki, R., Orzi, F., Schuier, F., and Nitsch, C., 1984, Pathomechanisms of ischemic brain edema, in: “Recent Progress in the Study and Therapy of Brain Edema,” K.G. Go, and A. Baathmann, eds., Plenum Press, New York.
Lasser, E.C., and Stenstrom, K.W., 1954, Elevation of circulating blood histamine in patients undergoing deep roentgen therapy, Am. J. Roentgenology, 72:985.
Parks, D.A., Bulkley, G.B., Granger, D.N., Hamilton, S.R., and McCord, J.M., 1982, Ischemic injury in the cat small intestine: Role of superoxide radicals, Gastroenterology, 82:9.
Pluta, R., and Gajkowska, B., 1984, Ultrastructural changes in the sensomotor cortex of the rabbit after complete 30-min brain ischemia, J. Neurosci. Res., 11:35.
Rioux, F., Kerouac, R., and St-Pierre, S., 1985, Release of mast cell mediators, vasoconstriction and edema in the isolated, perfused head of the rat following intracarotid infusion of neurotensin, Neuropeptides, 6:1.
Somjen, G.G., 1983, The cycle of sleeping and waking, in “Neurophysiology — the Essentials,” Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
Suzuki, R., Yamaguchi, T., Li, C-L., and Klatzo, I., 1983, The effects of 5-minute ischemia in mongolian gerbils: II. Changes of spontaneous neuronal activity in cerebral cortex and CA1 sector of hippocampus, Acta Neuropathol., 60:217.
Taylor, K.M., Gfeller, E., and Snyder, S.H., 1972, Regional localization of histamine and histidine in the brain of the rhesus monkey, Brain Res., 41:171.
van Wimersma Greidanus, Tj.B., van Praag, M.C.G., Kalimann, R., Rinkel, G.J.E., Croiset, G., Hoeke, E.C., van Egmond, M.A.H., and Fekete, M., 1982, Behavioral effects of neurotensin, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 400:319.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cockerham, L.G., Forcino, C.D. (1988). Post-Irradiation Alterations In Cerebral Blood Flow. In: McCormack, P.D., Swenberg, C.E., Bücker, H. (eds) Terrestrial Space Radiation and Its Biological Effects. Nato ASI Series, vol 154. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1567-4_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1567-4_37
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8859-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1567-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive