Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Nato ASI Series ((NSSA,volume 154))

  • 158 Accesses

Abstract

With sufficient dose and qualities of radiation, cell injury causes release of important circulating mediators, cell death and, in those cells which do survive, delayed effects or subtle changes in cell physiology which can sensitize them to other insults. Gastrointestinal damage occurs at the upper end of the intermediate dose range, but hematopoietic damage occurs at the lower end (i.e. 150–200 cGy). However, subtle metabolic and physiologic deficiencies may occur in other organ systems. For example, at intermediate doses of radiation, cardiovascular changes may not be apparent, but these doses may sensitize the individual to sepsis or certain therapeutic drugs which also alter cardiovascular physiology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alter, W.A., III, Hawkins, R.N., Catravas, G.N., Doyle, T.F., and Takenaga, J.K., 1983, Possible role of histamine in radiation induced hypotension in the rhesus monkey, Radiat. Res., 94:654.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A., 1969, The reticular formation, in “Neurological Anatomy,” Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruner, A., Bogo, V., and Henderson, E.A., 1975, Dose-rate effects of 60Co irradiation on performance and physiology in monkeys, in Topical Report DNA 3660T, Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education-and Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmichael, A.J., Arroyo, C.M., and Cockerham, L.G., Reaction of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) with hydrated electrons, J. free Rad. Biol. Med. (In Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Carraway, R.E., Cochrane, D.E., Lansman, J.B., Leeman, S.E. Paterson, B.M., and Welch, H.J., 1982, Neurotensin stimulates exocytotic histamine secretion from rat mast cells and elevates plasma histamine levels, J. Physiol., 323:403.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cerveny, T.J., Forcino, C.D., Smart, S.W., and Cockerham, L.G., 1987, Postradiation cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier disruption in the primate, Fed. Proc., 46:354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, P.H., and Young, R.J., 1968, Effect of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on blood pressure and cerebral blood flow in the Macaca mulatta, Radiat. Res., 35:78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane, D.E., Emigh, C., Levine, G., Carraway, R.E., and Leeman, S.E., 1982, Neurotensin alters cutaneous vascular permeability and stimulates histamine release from isolated skin, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 400:396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cockerham, L.G., Bogo, V., and Gossett-Hagerman, C.J., 1984a, Gamma radiation produced performance decrement in rat assessed with the accelerod, Neurosci. Letters, 49:297.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockerham, L.G., Doyle, T.F., Donlon, M.A., and Helgeson, E.A., 1984b, Canine postradiation histamine levels and subsequent response to Compound 48/80, Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 55:1041.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockerham, L.G., Doyle, T.F., Donlon, M.A., and Gossett-Hagerman, C.J., 1985, Antihistamines block radiation-induced increased intestinal blood flow in canines, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 5:597.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockerham, L.G., Cerveny, T.J., and Hampton, J.D., 1986a, Postradiation regional cerebral blood flow in primates, Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 57:578.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockerham, L.G., Doyle, T.F., Pautler, E.L., and Hampton, J.D., 1986b, Disodium cromoglycate, a mast cell stabilizer, alters postradiation regional cerebral blood flow in primates, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 18:91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockerham, L.G., Pautler, E.L., Carraway, R.E., Cochrane, D.E., and Hampton, J.D., 1988a, Effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and antihistamines on postirradiation cerebral blood flow and plasma levels of histamine and neurotensin, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. (In Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockerham, L.G., Arroyo, C.M., and Hampton, J.D., 1988b, Effects of 4-hydroxypyrazoio (3,4-d) pryimidine (Allopurinol) on postirradiation cerebral blood flow: Implications of free radical involvement, J. Free Rad. Biol. Med. (In Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Curran, C.R., Young, R.W., and Davis, W.F., 1973, The performance of primates following exposure to pulsed whole-body gamma-neutron radiation, in AFRRI SR73-1, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Haan, H.J., Kaplan, S.J., and Germas, J.E., 1969, Visual discrimination performance in the monkey following a 5,000-rad pulse of mixed gamma-neutron radiation, in AFRRI SR69-1, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, T.F., Curran, C.R., and Turns, J.E., 1974, The prevention of radiation-induced, early transient incapacitation of monkeys by an antihistamine, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. Med., 145:1018.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, T.F., and Strike, T.A., 1977, Radiation-released histamine in the rhesus monkey as modified by mast-cell depletion and antihistamine, Experientia, 33:1047.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, A.J., Snijders, R., Hurd, R.W., and Kramarcy, N.R., 1982, Induction of catalepsy by central nervous system administration of neurotensin, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 400:345.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edvinsson, L., Cervos-Navarro, J., Larsson, L.-I., Owman, C.H., and Ronnberg A.-L., 1977, Regional distribution of mast cells containing histamine, dopamine, or 5-hydroxytryptamine in the mammalian brain, Neurology, 27:878.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eisen, V.D., and Wilson, C.W.M., 1957, The effect of B-irradiation on skin histamine and vascular responses in the rat, J. Physiol., 136:122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forcino, C.D., Cerveny, T.J., and Cockerham, L.G., 1986, Dose dependent postradiation changes in primate blood pressure and cerebral blood flow, Physiologist, 29:129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, P.M., 1982, Cerebral histamine: Indications for neuronal and vascular regulation, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metabol., 2:3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, P.M., Teascale, G.M., Angerson, W.J. and Harper, A.M. 1981, H2-receptors mediate increases in permeability of the blood-brain barrier during arterial histamine infusion, Brain Res., 210:396.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, J.C., 1982, Electrophysiological Studies on the neuroactive properties of neurotensin, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 400:216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirino, T., and Sano, K., 1984, Selective vulnerability in the gerbil hippocampus following ischemia, Acta Neuropathol., 62:201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klatzo, I., Suzuki, R., Orzi, F., Schuier, F., and Nitsch, C., 1984, Pathomechanisms of ischemic brain edema, in: “Recent Progress in the Study and Therapy of Brain Edema,” K.G. Go, and A. Baathmann, eds., Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lasser, E.C., and Stenstrom, K.W., 1954, Elevation of circulating blood histamine in patients undergoing deep roentgen therapy, Am. J. Roentgenology, 72:985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parks, D.A., Bulkley, G.B., Granger, D.N., Hamilton, S.R., and McCord, J.M., 1982, Ischemic injury in the cat small intestine: Role of superoxide radicals, Gastroenterology, 82:9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pluta, R., and Gajkowska, B., 1984, Ultrastructural changes in the sensomotor cortex of the rabbit after complete 30-min brain ischemia, J. Neurosci. Res., 11:35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rioux, F., Kerouac, R., and St-Pierre, S., 1985, Release of mast cell mediators, vasoconstriction and edema in the isolated, perfused head of the rat following intracarotid infusion of neurotensin, Neuropeptides, 6:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somjen, G.G., 1983, The cycle of sleeping and waking, in “Neurophysiology — the Essentials,” Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, R., Yamaguchi, T., Li, C-L., and Klatzo, I., 1983, The effects of 5-minute ischemia in mongolian gerbils: II. Changes of spontaneous neuronal activity in cerebral cortex and CA1 sector of hippocampus, Acta Neuropathol., 60:217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, K.M., Gfeller, E., and Snyder, S.H., 1972, Regional localization of histamine and histidine in the brain of the rhesus monkey, Brain Res., 41:171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Wimersma Greidanus, Tj.B., van Praag, M.C.G., Kalimann, R., Rinkel, G.J.E., Croiset, G., Hoeke, E.C., van Egmond, M.A.H., and Fekete, M., 1982, Behavioral effects of neurotensin, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 400:319.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cockerham, L.G., Forcino, C.D. (1988). Post-Irradiation Alterations In Cerebral Blood Flow. In: McCormack, P.D., Swenberg, C.E., Bücker, H. (eds) Terrestrial Space Radiation and Its Biological Effects. Nato ASI Series, vol 154. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1567-4_37

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1567-4_37

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8859-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1567-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics