Skip to main content

Murine Transgenic Models of IDDM

  • Chapter
Molecular Biology of Diabetes
  • 143 Accesses

Abstract

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease. To study the immune responses leading to the breakdown of tolerance to islet β-cells, genes of putative causative agents and of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are linked to insulin promoter and incorporated into the germ line of a mouse. The expression of transgenes are tissue specific (β-cell-specific) and their actions are analyzed during the life span of the “host” animals. These transgenic mice not only serve as models of IDDM but also provide new powerful tools for studying the many aspects of peripheral tolerance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bell G, Santerre RF, Rutter RJ, Cordell B, Tisscher E, Goodman HM: Sequence of the human insulin gene. Nature 284:26–32, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Edlund T, Walker MD, Barr PJ, Rutter WJ: Cell-specific expression of the rat insulin gene: evidence for role of two distinct 5′ flanking elements. Science 230:912–916, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hanahan D: Heritable formation of pancreatic β-cell tumours in transgenic mice expressing recombinant insulin/simian virus 40 oncogenes. Nature 315:115–122, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bottazzo GF, Pujol-Borrell, R, Hanafusa T, Feldmann M: Role of aberrant HLA-DR expression and antigen presentation in induction of endocrine autoimmunity. Lancet 2:1115–1119, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Nakhooda AF, Like AA, Chappel CI, Wei CN, Marliss EB: The spontaneously diabetic Wister rat (the “BB” rat). Diabetologia 14:199–207, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Makino S, Kunimoto K, Muraoka Y, Mizushima Y, Kattagiri K, Tochino Y: Breeding of a nonobese diabetic strain of mice. Exp Anim 29:1–13, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hanahan D: Transgenic mice as probes into complex systems. Science 246:1265–1275, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chisari FV, Klopchin K, Moriyama T, et al.: Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. Cell 59:1145–1156, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Iwakura Y, Tosu M, Yoshida E, Takiguchi M, Sato K, Kitajima I, et al.: Induction of inflamatory arthropathy resembling rheumatoid arthritis in mice transgenic for HTLV-1. Science 253: 1026–1028, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Strasser A, Whittingham S, Vaux DL, Bath ML, Adams JD, Cory S, Harris AW: Enforced BCL2 expression in β-lymphoid cells prolongs antibody responses and elicits autoimmune disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 8661–8665, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee M-S, Sarvetnick N: Transgenes in autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 4: 723–727, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Adams TE, Susan A, Hanahan D: Non-tolerance and autoantibodies to a transgenic self antigen expressed in pancreatic β-cells. Nature 325:223–228, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Palmiter RD, Brinster RL: Germ line transformation of mice. Annu Rev Genet 20:465–499, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sarvetnick N, Shizuru J, Liggitt D, Martin L, McIntyre B, Gregory A, Parslow T, Stewart T: Loss of pancreatic islet tolerance induced by β-cell expression of interferon-γ. Nature 346:844–847, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Parham P: Intolerable secretion in tolerant transgenic mice. Nature 333: 500–503, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Pujol-Borrell R, Bottazzo GF: Puzzling diabetic transgenic mice: a lesson for human type I diabetes? Immunol Today 9:303–306, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lipes MA, Eisenbarth GS: Transgenic mouse models of Type I diabetes. Diabetes 39:879–884, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lo D: Immune responses to tissue-restricted self antigens: studies on T cell tolerance and autoimmunity to pancreatic beta cells. Curr Topics Microb Immun 164:71–90, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Slattery R: Transgenic approaches to understanding the role of MHC genes in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. II. The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Bailliere’s Clin Endocrinol Metabol 50:449–454, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kikutani H, Makino S: The murine autoimmune diabetes model: NOD and related strains. Adv Immunol 51:285–322, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Yamamura K-L, Miyazaki T, Uno M, Miyazaki J-I: Transgenic mouse as a tool for the study of autoimmune disease: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Int J Immunopharmacology 14:451–455, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Newgard CB: Cellular engineering for the treatment of metabolic disorders: prospects for therapy in diabetes. Biotechnol 10:1112–1120, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Eisenbarth GS: Type I diabetes mellitus. A chronic autoimmune disease. N Engl J Med 314:1360–136, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Baekkeskov S, Hansen B: Human diabetes. Curr Topics Microbiol Immunol 164:1–193, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bucchini D, Ripoche M-A, Stinnakre MG, Desbois P, Lore D, Montehioux E, Absil J, Lepesant J-A, Pictet R, Jami J: Pancreatic expression of human insulin gene in transgenic mice. Proc Nail Acad Sci USA 83:2511–2515, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Seldon RF, Skoskiewicz MJ, Howie KB, Russel PS, Goodman HM: Regulation of human insulin gene expression in transgenic mice. Nature 321:525–528, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Roman LM, Simons LF, Hammer RE, Sambrook JF, Gething M-JH: The expression of influenza virus hemagglutinin in the pancreatic β-cells of transgenic mice results in autoimmune diabetes. Cell 61:383–396, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Braciale TL, Sweetser MT, Morrison LA, Kittesen DJ, Braciale VL: Class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphhocytes recognize a limited number of sites on the influenza hemagglutinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:277–281, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Oldstone MBA, Nerenberg M, Southern P, Price J, Lewicke H: Virus infection triggers insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a transgenic model: role of anti-self (virus) in immune response. Cell 65:319–331, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Ohashi PS, Oehen S, Buerki K, Pircher H, Ohashi CT, Odematt B, Malissen B, Zinkernagel RM, Hengartner H: Ablation of tolerance and induction of diabetes by viral infection in viral antigen transgenic mice. Cell 65:305–317, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Schonrich G, Kallinke U, Momburg F, Malissen M, Schmitt-Verhuist A-M, Malissen B, Hammerling GJ, Arnold B: Down-regulation of T cell receptors on self-reactive T cells as a novel mechanism for extrathymic tolerance induction. Cell 65:293–304, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Lo D, Freedman J, Hesse S, Palmiter RD, Brinster RL, Sherman LA: Peripheral tolerance to an islet cell-specific hemagglutinin transgene affects both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell. Eur J Immunol 22:1013–1022, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Harrison LC: Transgenic approaches to understanding the role of MHC genes in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Immune and nonimmune mechanisms of B cell destruction. Bailliere’s Clin Endocrinol Metabol 5: 439–448, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Bottazzo GF, Dean BM, McNally JM, MacKay EH, Switt PGF, Gamble DR: In situ characterization of autoimmune phenomenon and expression of HLA molecules in the pancreas of diabetic insulitis. N Engl J Med 313:353–360, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Foulis AK, Farguharson MA, Hardman R: Abberant expression of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules by B cells and hyperexpression of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules by insulin containing islets in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 30:333–343, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Allison J, Campbell IL, Morahan G, Mandel TE, Harrison LC, Miller JFAP: Diabetes in transgenic mice resulting from over-expression of class I histocompatibility molecules in pancreatic B cells. Nature 333:529–533, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Lo D, Burkly LC, Widera G, Cowing C, Flavell RA, Palmiter RD, Brinster RL: Diabetes and tolerance in transgenic mice expressing class II MHC molecules in pancreatic B cells. Cell 53:159–168, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sarvetnick N, Liggitt D, Pitts SL, Hansen SE, Stewart TA: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus induced in transgenic mice by expression of class II MHC and interferon-γ. Cell 52:773–782, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Bohme J, Haskins K, Stecha P, van Ewijk W, LeMeur M, Gerlinger P, Benoist C, Mathis D: Transgenic with I-A on islet cells are normoglycemic but immunologically intolerant. Science 244:1179–1183, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Miller JFAP, Allison J, Morahan G: Tolerance and diabetes in transgenic mice over-expressing class I histocompatibility molecules in pancreatic β cells. J Autoimm 3(suppl):87–90, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Gortz J, Eibel H, Kohler G: Non-tolerance and differential susceptibility to diabetes in transgenic mice expressing major histocompatibility class II genes on pancreatic B cells. Eur J Immunol 20:1677–1683, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Allison J, Malcolm L, Culvenor J, Bartholomeusz RK, Holmberg K, Miller JFAP: Overexpression of B2-microglobulin in transgenic mouse islet β-cell results in defective insulin secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:2070–2074, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Campbell IL, Harrison LC: Molecular pathology of type I diabetes. Mol Biol Med 7:299–309, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Harrison LC, Campbell IL, Colman PG, Chosich N, Kay TWH, Tait BD, et al.: Type 1 diabetes: Immune mechanisms and immune therapies. Adv Endocrinol Metabol 1:35–94, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Sarvetnick N, Shizuru J, Liggitt D, Stewart T: Inflammatory destruction of pancreatic β cells in γ-interferon transgenic mice. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 54:837–842, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Morahan G, Allison J, Miller JFAP: Tolerance of class I histocompatibility antigen expressed extrathymically. Nature 339:622–624, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Allison J, Malcolm L, Chosich N, Miller JFAP: Inflammation but not autoimmunity occurs in transgenic mice expressing constitutive levels of interleukin-2 in islet β cells. Eur J Immunol 22:1115–1121, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Heath WR, Allison J, Hoffman MW, Schoenrich G, Haemmering G, Arnold B, Miller JFAP: Autoimmune diabetes as a consequence of locally produced interleukin-2. Nature 359:547–549, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Higuchi Y, Herrera P, Muniesa P, Huarte J, Belin D, Ohashi P, Aichele P, Orci L, Vassalli J-D, Vassalli P: Expression of a tumor necrosis factor a transgene in murine pancreatic β cells results in severe and permanent insulitis without evolution towards diabetes. J Exp Med 176:1719–1731, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Nishimoto H, Kikutani H, Yamamura K, Kishimoto T: Prevention of autoimmune insulitis by expression of I-E molecules in NOD mice. Nature 328:432–434, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Bohme J, Schuhbaur B, Kanagawa O, Benoist C, Mathis D: MHC-linked protection from diabetes dissociated from clonal deletion of T-cells. Science 249:293–295, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Uehira M, Uno M, Kurner T et al.: Development of autoimmune insulitis is prevented in Eαd but not AβK NOD transgenic mice. Int Immunol 1:209–213, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Lund T, O’Reilly L, Hutchings P, Kanagawa O, Simpson E, Gravely R, et al.: Prevention of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in nonobese diabetic mice by transgenes encoding modified I-A beta chain or I-E alpha chain. Nature 345:727–729, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Miyazaki T, Uno M, Uehira M, Kikutani H, Kishimoto T, Kimoto M, Nishimoto H, Miyazaki J, Yamamura K: Direct evidence of the contribution of the unique I-Anod to the development of insulitis in nonobese diabetic mice. Nature 345:722–724, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gu, D., Sarvetnick, N. (1994). Murine Transgenic Models of IDDM. In: Draznin, B., LeRoith, D. (eds) Molecular Biology of Diabetes. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0241-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0241-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6677-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0241-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics