Abstract
Superficial bladder cancer can be considered as two separate clinical entities, one with a biological potential for invasion and progression, the other without this potential (Wolf et al. 1986). At presentation, superficial bladder cancer is either non-invasive (Ta) or invasive (T1). In addition to tumour category (T stage), there are other features which may predict the future course of the disease. The other type of superficial bladder cancer is intraepithelial neoplasia (carcinoma in situ, cis) which often develops into muscle invasive disease. An understanding of the behaviour of cis, Ta and T1 bladder cancer and the factors which may modify tumour progression is important for the proper care of patients. The most important question is to try to determine the risk of future tumour progression to muscle invasion or metastatic disease.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abel PD, Hall RR, Williams G (1988) Should pTl transitional cell cancers of the bladder still be classified as superficial? Br J Urol 62: 235–239
Anderström C, Johansson S, Nilsson S (1980) The significance of lamina propria invasion on the prognosis of patients with bladder tumors. J Urol 124: 23–26
Bergkvist A, Ljungquist A, Moberger G (1965) Classification of bladder tumours based on the cellular pattern. Preliminary report of a clinical-pathological study of 300 cases with a minimum follow-up of eight years. Acta Chir Scand 130: 371–378
Blomjous CEM, Schipper NW, Baak JPA et al. (1988) Retrospective study of prognostic importance of DNA flow-cytometry of urinary bladder carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 41: 21–25
Carbin C-E, Ekman P, Gustafson H et al. (1991a) Grading of human urothelial carcinoma based on nuclear atypia and mitotic frequency. Histological description. J Urol 145: 968–971
Carbin C-E, Ekman P, Gustafson H et al. (1991b) Grading of human urothelial carcinoma based on nuclear atypia and mitotic frequency. Prognostic importance. J Urol 145: 972–976
DeSanctis PN, Concepcion NB, Tannenbaum M et al. (1987) Quantitative morphometry measurement of transitional cell bladder cancer nuclei as indicator of tumour aggression. Urology 24: 322–324
Fitzpatrick JM, West AB, Butler MR et al. (1986) Superficial bladder tumors (stage pTa, grades 1 and 2): the importance of recurrence pattern following initial resection. J Urol 135: 920–922
Flamm J, Havelec L (1990) Factors affecting survival in primary superficial bladder cancer. Eur Urol 17: 113–115
Gil-Salom M, Sanchez MC, Chuan P et al. (1990) Multiple mucosal biopsies and postoperative urinary cytology in patients with bladder cancer. Eur Urol 17: 281–285
Gospodarowicz MK, Hawkins NV, Rawlings GA et al. (1989) Radical radiotherapy for muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: failure analysis. J Urol 142: 1448–1453
Gustafson H, Tribukait B, Eposti PL (1982) DNA pattern, histological grade and multiplicity related to recurrence rate in superficial bladder tumours. Scand J Urol Nephrol 16: 135–139
Harving N, Wolf H, Melsen F (1988) Positive urinary cytology after tumour resection: an indicator for concomitant carcinoma in situ. J Urol 140: 495–497
Hendry WF, Rawson NBS, Turney L et al. (1990) Computerisation of urothelial carcinoma records: 16 years experience with the TNM system. Br J Urol 65: 583–588
Heney NM, Ahmed S, Flanagan MJ et al. (1983) Superficial bladder cancer: progression and recurrence. J Urol 130: 1083–1086
Hermanek P, Sobin LH (1987) TNM classification of malignant tumours, 4th edn. Springer Verlag, New York
Hofstadter F, Jakse G, Lederer B et al. (1984) Biological behaviour and DNA cytophotometry of urothelial bladder carcinomas. Br J Urol 56: 289–295
Jakse G, Loidl W, Sieber G et al. (1987) Stage T1 grade G3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: an unfavourable tumour? J Urol 137: 39–43
Jenkins BJ, Nauth-Misir RR, Martin JE et al. (1989) The fate of G3 pT1 bladder cancer. Br J Urol 64: 608–610
Kaubisch S, Lum BL, Riese J et al. (1991) Stage T1 bladder cancer: grade is the primary determinant for risk of muscle invasion. J Urol 146: 28–31
Klan R, Loy V, Huland H (1991) Residual tumour discovered in routine second transurethral resection in patients with T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 146: 316–318
Lipponen PK, Eskelinen MJ, Nordling S (1991) Relationship between DNA flow cytometric data, nuclear morphometric variables and volume corrected mitotic index in transitional cell bladder tumors. Eur Urol 19: 327–331
Lutzeyer W, Rubben H, Dahm H (1982) Prognostic parameters in superficial bladder cancer: an analysis of 315 cases. J Urol 127: 250–252
Malmström P-U, Norlen BJ, Andersson B et al. (1989) Combination of blood group ABH antigen status and DNA ploidy as independent prognostic factors in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Br J Urol 64: 49–55
Mostofi FK, Sobin LH, Torloni H (1973) Histological typing of urinary bladder tumours. International histological classification of tumours, no 10. World Health Organization, Geneva
Nagy GK, Frable WJ, Murphy WM (1982) Classification of premalignant urothelial abnormalities. A Delphi study of the National Bladder Cancer Cooperative Group A. Pathol Annu 17: 219–265
Nielsen K, Colstrup H, Nilsson T et al. (1986) Stereological estimate of nuclear volume correlated with histopathological grading and prognosis of bladder tumour. Virchows Arch [B] 52: 41–54
Nielsen K, Örntoft T, Wolf H. (1989) Stereological estimates of nuclear volume in non-invasive bladder tumors ( Ta) correlated with the recurrence pattern. Cancer 8: 2269–2274
Norming U, Nyman CR, Tribukait B (1989) Comparative flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid studies on exophytic tumour and random mucosal biopsies in untreated carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 142: 1442–1447
Olsen PR, Wolf H, Schröder T et al. (1988) Urothelial atypia and survival rate of 500 unselected patients with primary transitional-cell tumour of the urinary bladder. Scand J Urol Nephrol 22: 257–263
Ooms ECM, Essed E, Veldhuizen RW et al. (1981) The prognostic significance of morphometry in T1 bladder tumours. Histopathology 5: 311–318
Ooms EMC, Anderson WAD, Alons CD et al. (1983) Analysis of performance of pathologists in the grading of bladder tumors. Hum Pathol 14: 140–143
Prior JP (1973) Factors influencing the survival of patients with transitional cell tumours of the urinary bladder. Br J Urol 45: 586–592
Quilty PM, Hargreave TB, Smith G, Duncan W (1987) Do abnormal mucosal biopsies predict prognosis in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of bladder treated by radical radiotherapy? Br J Urol 59: 242–247
Richards B, Parmar MKB, Anderson CK et al. (1991) The interpretation of biopsies of “normal” urothelium in patients with superficial bladder cancer. Br J Urol 67: 369–375
Robertson AJ, Beck JS, Burnett RA et al. (1990) Observer variability in histopathological reporting of transitional cell carcinoma and epithelial dysplasia in bladder. Clin Pathol 43: 17–21
Smith G, Elton RA, Beynon LL et al. (1983) Prognostic significance of biopsy of normal-looking mucosa in cases of superficial bladder cancer. Br J Urol 55: 665–669
Smith G, Elton RA, Chisholm GD et al. (1986) Superficial bladder cancer: intravesical chemotherapy and tumour progression to muscle invasion or metastases. Br J Urol 58: 659–663
Tribukait B (1987) Flow cytometry in assessing clinical aggressiveness of genito-urinary neoplasms. World J Urol 5: 108–122
Weinstein RS, Miller AW III, Pauli BU (1980) Carcinoma in situ: comments on the pathobiology of a paradox. Urol Clin North Am 7: 523–531
Wijkström H, Nilsson B, Tribukait B (1992) DNA analysis in predicting survival of irradiated patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Br J Urol 69: 49–55
Wolf H, Höjgaard K (1983) Urothelial dysplasia concomitant with bladder tumours as a determinant factor for future new occurrences. Lancet ii: 134–136
Wolf H, Olsen PR, Höjgaard K (1985) Urothelial dysplasia concomitant with bladder tumours: a determinant for future new occurrences in patients treated with full course radiotherapy. Lancet i: 1005–1007
Wolf H, Kakizoe T, Smith PH (1986) Bladder tumours. Treated natural history. In: Denis L, Niijima T, Prout GR (eds) Development in bladder cancer. Progress in clinical and biological research, vol 221 Alan Liss, New York, pp 223–255
Wolf H, Olsen PR, Fischer A et al. (1987a) Urothelial atypia concomitant with primary bladder tumour. Incidence in a consecutive series of 500 unselected patients. Scand J Urol Nephrol 21: 33–38
Wolf H, Iversen H-G, Olsen PR et al. (1987b) Transurethral surgery in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer (T1 and T2). Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 104: 127–132
Zincke H, Utz DC, Farrow GM (1985) Review of Mayo Clinic experience with carcinoma in situ. Urology Suppl. 24 (4): 39–46
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wolf, H. (1994). Tumour Progression in Superficial Bladder Cancer. In: Neal, D.E. (eds) Tumours in Urology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2086-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2086-5_3
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-2088-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-2086-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive