Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Surface Sensitization Techniques and Recognition Receptors Immobilization on Biosensors and Microarrays

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Recognition Receptors in Biosensors

Abstract

The quality of a biosensing system relies on the interfacial properties where bioactive species are immobilized. The design of the surface includes both the immobilization of the bioreceptor itself and the overall chemical preparation of the transducer surface. Hence, the sensitivity and specificity of such devices are directly related to the accessibility and activity of the immobilized molecules. The inertness of the surface that limits the nonspecific adsorption sets the background noise of the sensor. The specifications of the biosensor (signal-to-noise ratio) depend largely on the surface chemistry and preparation process of the biointerface. Lastly, a robust interface improves the stability and the reliability of biosensors. This chapter reports in detail the main surface coupling strategies spanning from random immobilization of native biospecies to uniform and oriented immobilization of site-specific modified biomolecules. The immobilization of receptors on various shapes of solid support is then introduced. Detection systems sensitive to surface phenomena require immobilization as very thin layers (two-dimensional biofunctionalization), whereas other detection systems accept thicker layers (three-dimensional biofunctionalization) such as porous materials of high specific area that lead to large increase of signal detection. This didactical overview introduces each step of the biofunctionalization with respect to the diversity of biological molecules, their accessibility and resistance to nonspecific adsorption at interfaces.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

μ-TAS:

Micro-total analysis system

AAPS:

N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane

ALD:

Atomic layer deposition

APTS:

Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

Asp:

Aspartic acid

BSA:

Bovin serum albumin

DIOS:

Desorption/ionization on silicon

DMP:

Dimethyl pimelimidate

DMS:

Dimethyl suberimidate

DMSO:

Dimethylsulfoxide

DNA:

Desoxyribonucleic acid

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

EDTA:

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic

ELISA:

Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay

ENFET:

Enzymatic field-effect transistor

EPL:

Express protein ligation

ET:

Electron transfer

Glu:

Glutamic acid

GOD:

Glucose oxidase

GPTS:

3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane

IDA:

Iminodiacetic acid

IPL:

Intein-mediated protein ligation

ISE:

Ion-selective electrodes

ISFET:

Ion-selective field-effect transistor

ITO:

Indium Titanium oxide

Lys:

Lysine

M2C2H:

4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexan-1-carboxylhydrazide

MALDI:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

MESNA:

2-Mercaptoethansulfonate

MPAA:

(4-carboxymehtyl)thiophenol

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

NCL:

Native Chemical Ligation

NHS:

N-hydroxysuccinimide

NTA:

Nitrolotriacetic acid

ODN:

Oligodesoxyribonucleotides

PAMAM:

Poly(amino)amine

PCP:

Peptide carrier protein

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PDITC:

Phenylenediisothiocyanate

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PNA:

Peptide nucleic acid

SAM:

Self-assembled monolayer

SIAB:

Succinimidyl 4-(N-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate

SMCC:

Succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate

SMPB:

Succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidophenyl)butyrate

SPDP:

N-succinimidyl-3(2-pyridyldithio)propionate

s-SIAB:

Sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate

TCEP:

Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine

TEOS:

Tetraethoxysilane

TMOS:

Tetramethoxysilane

References

  • Adessi C, Matton G, Ayala G, Turcatti G, Mermod J-J, Mayer P, Kawashima E (2000) Solid phase DNA amplification: characterisation of primer attachment and amplification mechanisms. Nucleic Acids Res 28:e87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adey NB, Lei M, Howard MT, Jensen JD, Mayo DA, Butel DL, Coffin SC, Moyer TC, Slade DE, Spute MK, Hancock AM, Eisenhoffer GT, Dalley BK, McNeely MR (2002) Gains in sensitivity with a device that MIXES microarray hybridization solution in a 25-μm-thick chamber. Anal Chem 74:6413–6417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Advincula R (2006) Polymer brushes by anionic and cationic surface-initiated polymerization (SIP). Surface-initiated polymerization I. In: Jordan R (ed) Surface-initiated polymerization I. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 107–136

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Afanassiev V, Hanemann V, Wolfl S (2000) Preparation of DNA and protein micro arrays on glass slides coated with an agarose film. Nucleic Acids Res 28:e66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson GW, Zimmerman JE, Callahan FM (1964) The use of esters of N-hydroxysuccinimide in peptide synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 86:1839–1842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angenendt P, Glokler J, Murphy D, Lehrach H, Cahill DJ (2002) Toward optimized antibody microarrays: a comparison of current microarray support materials. Anal Biochem 309:253–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angst DL, Simmons GW (1991) Moisture absorption characteristics of organosiloxane self-assembled monolayers. Langmuir 7:2236–2242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Archer M, Christophersen M, Fauchet PM (2004) Macroporous silicon electrical sensor for DNA hybridization detection. Biomed Microdevices 6:203–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arenkov P, Kukhtin A, Gemmell A, Voloshchuk S, Chupeeva V, Mirzabekov A (2000) Protein microchips: use for immunoassay and enzymatic reactions. Anal Biochem 278:123–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arshady R (1993) Microspheres for biomedical applications: preparation of reactive and labelled microspheres. Biomaterials 14:5–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avnir D, Braun S, Lev O, Ottolenghi M (1994) Enzymes and other proteins entrapped in sol-gel materials. Chem Mater 6:1605–1614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azzopardi MJ, Arribart H (1994) In situ FTIR study of the formation of an organosilane layer at the silica/solution interface. J Adhesion 46:103–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Backer MV, Patel V, Jehning BT, Claffey KP, Backer JM (2006) Surface immobilization of active vascular endothelial growth factor via a cysteine-containing tag. Biomaterials 27:5452–5458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagiyan GA, Koroleva IK, Soroka NV, Ufimtsev AV (2003) Oxidation of thiol compounds by molecular oxygen in aqueous solutions. Russ Chem Bull 52:1135–1141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banks PR, Paquette DM (1995) Comparison of three common amine reactive fluorescent probes used for conjugation to biomolecules by capillary zone electrophoresis. Bioconjug Chem 6:447–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayliss SC, Hutt DA, Zhang Q, Harris P, Phillips NJ, Smith A (1995) Structural study of porous silicon. Thin Solid Films 255:128–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beattie KL, Beattie WG, Meng L, Turner SL, Coral-Vazquez R, Smith DD, McIntyre PM, Dao DD (1995) Advances in genosensor research. Clin Chem 41:700–706

    Google Scholar 

  • Beier M, Hoheisel JD (1999) Versatile derivatisation of solid support media for covalent bonding on DNA-microchips. Nucleic Acids Res 27:1970–1977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benoit V, Steel A, Torres M, Yu Y-Y, Yang H, Cooper J (2001) Evaluation of three-dimensional microchannel glass biochips for multiplexed nucleic acid fluorescence hybridization assays. Anal Chem 73:2412–2420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benters R, Niemeyer CM, Wöhrle D (2001) Dendrimer-activated solid supports for nucleic acid and protein microarrays. ChemBioChem 2:686–694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergbreiter D, Kippenberger A (2006) Hyperbranched surface graft polymerizations. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Berggren C, Bjarnason B, Johansson G (2001) Capacitive biosensors. Electroanalysis 13:173–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Besanger TR, Brennan JD (2003) Ion sensing and inhibition studies using the transmembrane ion channel peptide gramicidin a entrapped in sol-gel-derived silica. Anal Chem 75:1094–1101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Besombes J-L, Cosnier S, Labbé P (1997) Improvement of poly(amphiphilic pyrrole) enzyme electrodes via the incorporation of synthetic laponite-clay-nanoparticles. Talanta 44:2209–2215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bessueille F, Dugas V, Vikulov V, Cloarec J-P, Souteyrand É, Martin J-R (2005) Assessment of porous silicon substrate for well-characterised sensitive DNA chip implement. Biosens Bioelectron 21:908–916

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blitz JP, Murthy RSS, Leyden DE (1988) Studies of silylation of Cab-O-Sil with methoxymethylsilanes by diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 121:63–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boksányi L, Liardon O, Kováts ESz (1976) Chemically modified silicon dioxide surfaces reaction of n-alkyldimethylsilanols and n-oxaalkyldimethylsilanols with the hydrated surface of silicon dioxide - the question of the limiting surface concentration. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 6:95–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bornhop DJ, Latham JC, Kussrow A, Markov DA, Jones RD, Sorensen HS (2007) Free-solution, label-free molecular interactions studied by back-scattering interferometry. Science 317:1732–1736

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Böttcher H (2000) Bioactive sol-gel coatings. J Prakt Chem 342:427–436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boukherroub R, Morin S, Bensebaa F, Wayner DDM (1999) New synthetic routes to alkyl monolayers on the Si(111) surface. Langmuir 15:3831–3835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boukherroub R, Wayner DDM (1999) Controlled functionalization and multistep chemical manipulation of covalently modified Si(111) surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 121:11513–11515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Briand E, Salmain M, Herry J-M, Perrot H, Compere C, Pradier C-M (2006) Building of an immunosensor: how can the composition and structure of the thiol attachment layer affect the immunosensor efficiency? Biosens Bioelectron 22:440–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brogan KL, Wolfe KN, Jones PA, Schoenfisch MH (2003) Direct oriented immobilization of F(ab’) antibody fragments on gold. Anal Chim Acta 496:73–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brueggemeier SB, Wu D, Kron SJ, Palecek SP (2005) Protein-acrylamide copolymer hydrogels for array-based detection of tyrosine kinase activity from cell lysates. Biomacromolecules 6:2765–2775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchmeiser M (2006) Metathesis polymerization to and from surfaces. In: Jordan R (ed) Surface-initiated polymerization I. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 137–171

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bujoli B, Lane SM, Nonglaton G, Pipelier M, Léger J, Talham DR, Tellier C (2005) Metal phosphonates applied to biotechnologies: a novel approach to oligonucleotide microarrays. Chemistry Eur. J 11:1980–1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunemann H (1982) Immobilization of denatured DNA to macroporous supports: II. Steric and kinetic parameters of heterogeneous hybridization reactions. Nucleic Acids Res 10:7181–7196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buriak JM, Allen MJ (1998) Lewis acid mediated functionalization of porous silicon with substituted alkenes and alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 120:1339–1340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buriak JM, Stewart MP, Geders TW, Allen MJ, Choi HC, Smith J, Raftery D, Canham LT (1999) Lewis acid mediated hydrosilylation on porous silicon surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 121:11491–11502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burnette WN (1981) “Western blotting”: electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A. Anal Biochem 112:195–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camarero JA, Kwon Y, Coleman MA (2004) Chemoselective attachment of biologically active proteins to surfaces by expressed protein ligation and its application for “protein chip” fabrication. J Am Chem Soc 126:14730–14731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camli ST, Senel S, Tuncel A (2002) Nucleotide isolation by boronic acid functionalized hydrophilic supports. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 207:127–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson J, Drevin H, Axèn R (1978) Protein thiolation and reversible protein-protein conjugation. N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate, a new heterobifunctional reagent. Biochem J 173:723–737

    Google Scholar 

  • Carturan G, Toso RD, Boninsegna S, Monte RD (2004) Encapsulation of functional cells by sol-gel silica: actual progress and perspectives for cell therapy. J Mater Chem 14:2087–2098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caruso F, Niikura K, Furlong DN, Okahata Y (1997) 2. Assembly of alternating polyelectrolyte and protein multilayer films for immunosensing. Langmuir 13:3427–3433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cha T, Guo A, Jun Y, Pei D, Zhu X-Y (2004) Immobilization of oriented protein molecules on poly(ethylene glycol)-coated Si(111). Proteomics 4:1965–1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charreyre MT, Revilla J, Elaissari A, Pichot C, Gallot B (1999) Surface functionalization of polystyrene nanoparticles with liposaccharide monomers: preparation, characterization and applications. J Biocat Compat Polym 14:64–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Chassignol M, Thuong NT (1998) Phosphodisulfide bond: a new linker for the oligonucleotide conjugation. Tetrahedron Lett 39:8271–8274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chechik V, Crooks RM, Stirling CJM (2000) Reactions and reactivity in self-assembled monolayers. Adv Mater 12:1161–1171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheek BJ, Steel AB, Torres MP, Yu Y-Y, Yang H (2001) Chemiluminescence detection for hybridization assays on the flow-thru chip, a three-dimensional microchannel biochip. Anal Chem 73:5777–5783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chevalier Y, Coche-Guérente L, Labbé P (2002) Small angle neutron scattering studies and kinetic analysis of laponite-enzyme hydrogels in view of biosensors construction. Mater Sci Eng C 21:81–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chevalier Y, Elbhiri Z, Chovelon J-M, Jaffrezic-Renault N (2000) Chemically grafted field-effect transistors for the recognition of ionic species in aqueous solutions. Prog Colloid Polym Sci 115:243–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chevolot Y, Bouillon C, Vidal S, Morvan F, Meyer A, Cloarec J-P, Jochum A, Praly J-P, Vasseur J-J, Souteyrand É (2007) DNA-based carbohydrate biochips: a platform for surface glyco-engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 46:2389–2402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chluba J, Voegel J-C, Decher G, Erbacher P, Schaaf P, Ogier J (2001) Peptide hormone covalently bound to polyelectrolytes and embedded into multilayer architectures conserving full biological activity. Biomacromolecules 2:800–805

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi V, Oh KW, Thomas J, Heineman W, Halsall HB, Nevin JH, Helmicki A, Henderson HT, Ahn CH (2002) Integrated microfluidic biochemical detection system for protein analysis with magnetic bead-based sampling capabilities. Lab on a Chip 2:27–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chrisey L, Lee G, O'Ferrall C (1996) Covalent attachment of synthetic DNA to self-assembled monolayer films. Nucleic Acids Res 24:3031–3039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark JH, Macquarrie DJ (1998) Catalysis of liquid phase organic reactions using chemically modified mesoporous inorganic solids. Chem Commun 8:853–860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coche-Guérente L, Desbrières J, Fatisson J, Labbé P, Rodriguez MC, Rivas G (2005) Physicochemical characterization of the layer-by-layer self-assembly of polyphenol oxidase and chitosan on glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 50:2865–2877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coche-Guérente L, Desprez V, Labbé P (1998) Characterization of organosilasesquioxane-intercalated-laponite-clay modified electrodes and (bio)electrochemical applications. J Electroanal Chem 458:73–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coche-Guérente L, Desprez V, Labbé P, Therias S (1999) Amplification of amperometric biosensor responses by electrochemical substrate recycling. Part II. Experimental study of the catechol-polyphenol oxidase system immobilized in a laponite clay matrix. J Electroanal Chem 470:61–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cras JJ, Rowe-Taitt CA, Nivens DA, Ligler FS (1999) Comparison of chemical cleaning methods of glass in preparation for silanization. Biosens Bioelectron 14:683–688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuatrecasas P, Parikh I (1972) Adsorbents for affinity chromatography. Use of N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of agarose. Biochemistry 11:2291–2299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunin F, Schmedake TA, Link JR, Li YY, Koh J, Bhatia SN, Sailor MJ (2002) Biomolecular screening with encoded porous-silicon photonic crystals. Nat Mater 1:39–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dantas de Araújo A, Palomo JM, Cramer J, Köhn M, Schröder H, Wacker R, Niemeyer C, Alexandrov K, Waldmann H (2006) Diels-Alder ligation and surface immobilization of proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 45:296–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Gennes PG (1987) Polymers at an interface; a simplified view. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 27:189–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derwinska K, Sauer U, Preininger C (2007) Reproducibility of hydrogel slides in on-chip immunoassays with respect to scanning mode, spot circularity, and data filtering. Anal Biochem 370:38–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Mochon JJ, Bialy L, Bradley M (2006) Dual colour, microarray-based, analysis of 10,000 protease substrates. Chem Commun 38:3984–3986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Mochon JJ, Tourniaire G, Bradley M (2007) Microarray platforms for enzymatic and cell-based assays. Chem Soc Rev 36:449–457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diehl F, Grahlmann S, Beier M, Hoheisel JD (2001) Manufacturing DNA microarrays of high spot homogeneity and reduced background signal. Nucleic Acids Res 29:e38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dolan PL, Wu Y, Ista LK, Metzenberg RL, Nelson MA, Lopez GP (2001) Robust and efficient synthetic method for forming DNA microarrays. Nucleic Acids Res 29:e107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dordi B, Schonherr H, Vancso GJ (2003) Reactivity in the confinement of self-assembled monolayers: chain length effects on the hydrolysis of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester disulfides on gold. Langmuir 19:5780–5786

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowling DP, Donnelly K, McConnell ML, Eloy R, Arnaud MN (2001) Deposition of anti-bacterial silver coatings on polymeric substrates. Thin Solid Films 398–399:602–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubruel P, Vanderleyden E, Bergada M, De Paepe I, Chen H, Kuypers S, Luyten J, Schrooten J, Van Hoorebeke L, Schacht E (2006) Comparative study of silanisation reactions for the biofunctionalisation of Ti-surfaces. Surf Sci 600:2562–2571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dugas V, Broutin J, Souteyrand É (2005) Droplet evaporation study applied to DNA chip manufacturing. Langmuir 21:9130–9136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dugas V, Depret G, Chevalier Y, Nesme X, Souteyrand É (2004) Immobilization of single-stranded DNA fragments to solid surfaces and their repeatable specific hybridization: covalent binding or adsorption? Sensors Actors B 101:112–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyer D (2006) Photoinitiated synthesis of grafted polymers. In: Jordan R (ed) Surface-initiated polymerization I. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 47–65

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dyukova VI, Dementieva EI, Zubtsov DA, Galanina OE, Bovin NV, Rubina AY (2005) Hydrogel glycan microarrays. Anal Biochem 347:94–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckert AW, Grobe D, Rothe U (2000) Surface-modification of polystyrene-microtitre plates via grafting of glycidylmethacrylate and coating of poly-glycidylmethacrylate. Biomaterials 21:441–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edman C, Raymond D, Wu D, Tu E, Sosnowski R, Butler W, Nerenberg M, Heller M (1997) Electric field directed nucleic acid hybridization on microchips. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4907–4914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ek S, Iiskola EI, Niinisto L (2004) Atomic layer deposition of amino-functionalized silica surfaces using N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane as a silylating agent. J Phys Chem B 108:9650–9655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elaissari A, Veyret R, Mandrand B, Chatterjee J (2003a) In: Elaissari A (eds) Colloidal biomolecules, biomaterials, and biomedical applications. Marcel Deker, New York, pp 1–26

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Elaissari A, Ganachaud F, Pichot C (2003b) Biorelevant latexes and microgels for the interaction with nucleic acids. Top Curr Chem 227:169–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elaissari A, Sauzedde F, Montagne F, Pichot C (2003c) In: Elaissari A (ed) Colloids polymers, synthesis and characterization, Surfactant science series. Marcel Deker, New York, pp 285–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmas B, Onur MA, Senel S, Tuncel A (2002) Temperature controlled RNA isolation by N-isopropylacrylamide-vinylphenyl boronic acid copolymer latex. Colloid Polym Sci 280:1137–1146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elmas B, Onur MA, Senel S, Tuncel A (2004) Thermosensitive N-isopropylacrylamide-vinylphenyl boronic acid copolymer latex particles for nucleotide isolation. Colloids and Surf A 232:253–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engvall E, Perlman P (1971) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative assay of immunoglobulin G. Immunochemistry 8:871–874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst-Cabrera K, Wilchek M (1988) High-performance affinity chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 7:58–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erout M-N, Elaissari A, Pichot C, Llauro M-F (1996a) Radical-initiated copolymers of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and N-acryloxy succinimide: kinetic and microstructure studies. Polymer 37:1157–1165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erout M-N, Troesch A, Pichot C, Cros P (1996b) Preparation of conjugates between oligonucleotides and N-vinylpyrrolidone/N-acryloxysuccinimide copolymers and applications in nucleic acid assays to improve sensitivity. Bioconjug Chem 7:568–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans B, White TE (1968) Adsorption and reaction of methylchlorosilanes at an “Aerosil” surface. J Catalysis 11:336–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fadeev AY, McCarthy TJ (1999) Trialkylsilane monolayers covalently attached to silicon surfaces: wettability studies indicating that molecular topography contributes to contact angle hysteresis. Langmuir 15:3759–3766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreyra N, Coche-Guérente L, Fatisson J, Teijelo ML, Labbé P (2003) Layer-by-layer self-assembled multilayers of redox polyelectrolytes and gold nanoparticles. Chem Commun:2056–2057

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferreyra N, Coche-Guérente L, Labbé P (2004) Construction of layer-by-layer self-assemblies of glucose oxidase and cationic polyelectrolyte onto glassy carbon electrodes and electrochemical study of the redox-mediated enzymatic activity. Electrochim Acta 49:477–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreyra NF, Forzani ES, Teijelo ML, Coche-Guérente L, Labbé P (2006) Unraveling the spatial distribution of immunoglobulins, enzymes, and polyelectrolytes within layer-by-layer self-assembled multilayers. Ellipsometric studies. Langmuir 22:8931–8938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fidanza J, Glazer M, Mutnick D, McGall G, Frank C (2001) High capacity substrates as a platform for a DNA probe array genotyping assay. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 20:533–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Firestone MA, Shank ML, Sligar SG, Bohn PW (1996) Film architecture in biomolecular assemblies. Effect of linker on the orientation of genetically engineered surface-bound proteins. J Am Chem Soc 118:9033–9041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleer GJ, Cohen Stuart MA, Scheutjens JMHM, Cosgrove T, Vincent B (1993) Polymers at interfaces. Chapman & Hill, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Fodor SPA, Read JL, Pirrung MC, Stryer L, Lu AT, Solas D (1991) Light-directed, spatially addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Science 251:767–773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fryxell GE, Rieke PC, Wood LL, Engelhard MH, Williford RE, Graff GL, Campbell AA, Wiacek RJ, Lee L, Halverson A (1996) Nucleophilic displacements in mixed self-assembled monolayers. Langmuir 12:5064–5075

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gad M, Machida M, Mizutani W, Ishikawa M (2001) Method for orienting DNA molecules on mica surfaces in one direction for atomic force microscopy imaging. J Biomol Struct Dyn 19:471–477

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganachaud F, Elaissari A, Pichot C (2000) Covalent grafting of polythymidylic acid onto amine-containing polystyrene latex particles. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 11:931–945

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganachaud F, Laayoun A, Chaix C, Delair T, Pichot C, Elaissari A (2001) Oligodeoxyribonucleotide activation with 2, 4-phenylenediisothiocyanate and their covalent grafting onto amine-functionalized latex microspheres. J Dispersion Sci Technol 22:473–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganachaud F, Pichot C, Elaissari A (2003) In: Elaissari A (ed) Colloidal Biomolecules, Biomaterials and Biomedical Applications, Surfactant science Series. Marcel Deker, New York, pp 253–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauchet C, Labadie GR, Poulter CD (2006) Regio- and chemoselective covalent immobilization of proteins through unnatural amino acids. J Am Chem Soc 128:9274–9275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gavin IM, Kukhtin A, Glesne D, Schabacker D, Chandler DP (2005) Analysis of protein interaction and function with a 3-dimensional MALDI-MS protein array. Biotechniques 39:99–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gershon D (2002) Microarray technology: an array of opportunities. Nature 416:885–891

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson TD, Pierce BLJ, Hulbert JN, Gillespie S (1996) Improvements in the stability characteristics of biosensors using protein-polyelectrolyte complexes. Sens Actuators B 33:13–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giedroc DP, Keating KM, Martin CT, Williams KR, Coleman JE (1986) Zinc metalloproteins involved in replication and transcription. J Inorg Biochem 28:155–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilham PT (1964) The synthesis of polynucleotide-celluloses and their use in the fractionation of polynucleotides. J Am Chem Soc 86:4982–4985

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gobet J, Kováts ESz (1984) Preparation of hydrated silicon dioxide for reproducible chemisorption experiments. Adsorp Sci Technol 1:77–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray DE, Case-Green SC, Fell TS, Dobson PJ, Southern EM (1997) Ellipsometric and interferometric characterization of DNA probes immobilized on a combinatorial array. Langmuir 13:2833–2842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grubor NM, Shinar R, Jankowiak R, Porter MD, Small GJ (2004) Novel biosensor chip for simultaneous detection of DNA-carcinogen adducts with low-temperature fluorescence. Biosens Bioelectron 19:547–556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guilbault GG, Montalvo JG (1969) Urea-specific enzyme electrode. J Am Chem Soc 91: 2164–2165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guilbault GG, Montalvo JG (1970) Enzyme electrode for the substrate urea. J Am Chem Soc 92:2533–2538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gun G, Tsionsky M, Lev O (1994) Voltammetric studies of composite ceramic carbon working electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 294:261–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Z, Guilfoyle RA, Thiel AJ, Wang R, Smith LM (1994) Direct fluorescence analysis of genetic polymorphisms by hybridization with oligonucleotide arrays on glass supports. Nucleic Acids Res 22:5456–5465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guschin D, Yershov G, Zaslavsky A, Gemmell A, Shick V, Proudnikov D, Arenkov P, Mirzabekov A (1997) Manual manufacturing of oligonucleotide, DNA, and protein microchips. Anal Biochem 250:203–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han J, Lee H, Nguyen NY, Beaucage SL, Puri RK (2005) Novel multiple 5′-amino-modified primer for DNA microarrays. Genomics 86:252–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harder P, Bierbaum K, Woell C, Grunze M, Heid S, Effenberger F (1997) Induced orientational order in long alkyl chain aminosilane molecules by preadsorbed octadecyltrichlorosilane on hydroxylated Si(100). Langmuir 13:445–454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He PL, Hu NF, Zhou G (2002) Assembly of electroactive layer-by-layer films of hemoglobin and polycationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium). Biomacromolecules 3:139–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heichal-Segal O, Rappoport S, Braun S (1995) Immobilization in alginate-silicate sol-gel matrix protects [beta]-glucosidase against thermal and chemical denaturation. Biotechnology 13:798–800

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helms B, van Baal I, Merkx M, Meijer EW (2007) Site-specific protein and peptide immobilization on a biosensor surface by pulsed native chemical ligation. ChemBioChem 8:1790–1794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herne TM, Tarlov MJ (1997) Characterization of DNA probes immobilized on gold surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 119:8916–8920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hertadi R, Gruswitz F, Silver L, Koide A, Koide S, Arakawa H, Ikai A (2003) Unfolding mechanics of multiple OspA substructures investigated with single molecule force spectroscopy. J Mol Biol 333:993–1002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hevesi L, Jeanmart L, Remacle J (2002) Method for obtaining a surface activation of a solid support for building biochip microarrays. P/N 20020076709 United States

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochuli E, Dobeli H, Schacher A (1987) New metal chelate adsorbent selective for proteins and peptides containing neighbouring histidine residues. J Chromatogr 411:177–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodneland CD, Lee Y-S, Min D-H, Mrksich M (2002) Supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly special feature: Selective immobilization of proteins to self-assembled monolayers presenting active site-directed capture ligands. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:5048–5052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann C, Tovar GEM (2006) Mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) consisting of methoxy-tri(ethylene glycol)-terminated and alkyl-terminated dimethylchlorosilanes control the non-specific adsorption of proteins at oxidic surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 295:427–435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horr TJ, Arora PS (1997) Determination of the acid-base properties for 3-amino, 3-chloro and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane coatings on silica surfaces by XPS. Colloids Surf A 126:113–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hostetler MJ, Wingate JE, Zhong C-J, Harris JE, Vachet RW, Clark MR, Londono JD, Green SJ, Stokes JJ, Wignall GD, Glish GL, Porter MD, Evans ND, Murray RW (1998) Alkanethiolate gold cluster molecules with core diameters from 1.5 to 5.2 nm: core and monolayer properties as a function of core size. Langmuir 14:17–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houseman BT, Mrksich M (2002) Carbohydrate arrays for the evaluation of protein binding and enzymatic modification. Chem Biol 9:443–454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu M, Noda S, Okubo T, Yamaguchi Y, Komiyama H (2001) Structure and morphology of self-assembled 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane layers on silicon oxide. Appl Surf Sci 181:307–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hui Liu R, Lenigk R, Druyor-Sanchez R, Yang J, Grodzinski P (2003) Hybridization enhancement using cavitation microstreaming. Anal Chem 75:1911–1917

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hynd MR, Frampton JP, Burnham M-R, Martin DL, Dowell-Mesfin NM, Turner JN, Shain W (2007) Functionalized hydrogel surfaces for the patterning of multiple biomolecules. J Biomed Mater Res 81A:347–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaber JA, Schlenoff JB (2006) Recent developments in the properties and applications of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 11:324–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janshoff A, Dancil K-PS, Steinem C, Greiner DP, Lin VS-Y, Gurtner C, Motesharei K, Sailor MJ, Ghadiri MR (1998) Macroporous p-type silicon fabry-perot layers. Fabrication, characterization, and applications in biosensing. J Am Chem Soc 120:12108–12116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jdanova AS, Poyard S, Soldatkin AP, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Martelet C (1996) Conductometric urea sensor. Use of additional membranes for the improvement of its analytical characteristics. Anal Chim Acta 321:35–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson ECB, Kent SBH (2006) Insights into the mechanism and catalysis of the native chemical ligation reaction. J Am Chem Soc 128:6640–6646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato K, Uchida E, Kang ET, Uyama Y, Ikada Y (2003) Polymer surface with graft chains. Prog Polym Sci 28:209–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kindermann M, George N, Johnsson N, Johnsson K (2003) Covalent and selective immobilization of fusion proteins. J Am Chem Soc 125:7810–7811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinney DR, Chuang IS, Maciel GE (1993) Water and the silica surface as studied by variable-temperature high-resolution proton NMR. J Am Chem Soc 115:6786–6794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koh Y, Jin Kim S, Park J, Park C, Cho S, Woo H-G, Ko YC, Sohn H (2007) Detection of avidin based on rugate-structured porous silicon interferometer. Bull Korean Chem Soc 28:2083–2088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kong W, Wang LP, Gao ML, Zhou H, Zhang X, Li W, Shen JC (1994) Immobilized bilayer glucose-isomerase in porous trimethylamine polystyrene-based on molecular deposition. J Chem Soc Chem Commun:1297–1298

    Google Scholar 

  • Korri-Youssoufi H, Garnier F, Srivastava P, Godillot P, Yassar A (1997) Toward bioelectronics: specific DNA recognition based on an oligonucleotide-functionalized polypyrrole. J Am Chem Soc 119:7388–7389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotov NA, Dékány I, Fendler JH (1995) Layer-by-layer self-assembly of polyelectrolyte-semiconductor nanoparticle composite films. J Phys Chem 99:13065–13069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotov NA, Haraszti T, Turi L, Zavala G, Geer RE, Dekány I, Fendler JH (1997) Mechanism of and defect formation in the self-assembly of polymeric polycation-montmorillonite ultrathin films. J Am Chem Soc 119:6821–6832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunzelmann U, Bottcher H (1997) Biosensor properties of glucose oxidase immobilized within SiO2 gels. Sens Actuators B Chem 39:222–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kusnezow W, Jacob A, Walijew A, Diehl F, Hoheisel JD (2003) Antibody microarrays: an evaluation of production parameters. Proteomics 3:254–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon Y, Coleman MA, Camarero JA (2006) Selective immobilization of proteins onto solid supports through split-intein-mediated protein trans-splicing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 45:1726–1729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ladaviére C, Lorenzo C, Elaissari A, Mandrand B, Delair T (2000) Electrostatically driven immobilization of peptides onto (maleic anhydride-alt-methyl vinyl ether) copolymers in aqueous media. Bioconjug Chem 11:146–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lao R, Wang L, Wan Y, Zhang J, Song S, Zhang Z, Fan C, He L (2007) Interactions between cytochrome c and DNA strands self-assembled at Gold electrode. Int J Mol Sci 8:136–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Berre V, Trévisiol E, Dagkessamanskaia A, Sokol S, Caminade A-M, Majoral J-P, Meunier B, Francois J (2003) Dendrimeric coating of glass slides for sensitive DNA microarrays analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 31:e88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee C-S, Kim B-G (2002) Improvement of protein stability in protein microarrays. Biotechnol Lett 24:839–844

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J-C, An JY, Kim B-W (2007) Application of anodized aluminium oxide as a biochip substrate for a Fabry–Perot interferometer. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 82:1045–1052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JW, Louie YQ, Walsh DP, Chang Y-T (2003) Nitrophenol resins for facile amide and sulfonamide library synthesis. J Comb Chem 5:330–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee MR, Shin I (2005) Fabrication of chemical microarrays by efficient immobilization of hydrazide-linked substances on epoxide-coated glass surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 44:2881–2884

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann V (2002) Biosensors: barcoded molecules. Nat Mater 1:12–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Chia LS, Goh NK, Tan SN, Ge H (1997) Mediated amperometric glucose sensor modified by the sol-gel method. Sens Actuators B Chem 40:135–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lie LH, Patole SN, Pike AR, Ryder LC, Connolly BA, Ward AD, Tuite EM, Houlton A, Horrocks BR (2004) Immobilisation and synthesis of DNA on Si(111), nanocrystalline porous silicon and silicon nanoparticles. Faraday Discuss 125:235–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin H, Cornish VW (2002) Screening and selection methods for large-scale analysis of protein function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 41:4402–4425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin T-Y, Wu C-H, Brennan JD (2007) Entrapment of horseradish peroxidase in sugar-modified silica monoliths: toward the development of a biocatalytic sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 22:1861–1867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindroos K, Liljedahl U, Raitio M, Syvanen A-C (2001) Minisequencing on oligonucleotide microarrays: comparison of immobilisation chemistries. Nucleic Acids Res 29:e69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linford MR, Fenter P, Eisenberger PM, Chidsey CED (1995) Alkyl monolayers on silicon prepared from 1-alkenes and hydrogen-terminated silicon. J Am Chem Soc 117:3145–3155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Löfås S, Johnsson B (1990) A novel hydrogel matrix on gold surfaces in surface plasmon resonance sensors for fast and efficient covalent immobilization of ligands. J Chem Soc Chem Commun:1526–1528

    Google Scholar 

  • Love JC, Estroff LA, Kriebel JK, Nuzzo RG, Whitesides GM (2005) Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals as a form of nanotechnology. Chem Rev 105:1103–1170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu B, Smyth MR, O’Kennedy R (1996) Oriented immobilization of antibodies and its applications in immunoassays and immunosensors. Analyst 121:29R–32R

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luderer F, Walschus U (2005) Immobilization of oligonucleotides for biochemical sensing by self-assembled monolayers: thiol-organic bonding on gold and silanization on silica surfaces. In: Wittmann C (ed) Immobilisation of DNA on chips I. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 37–56

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lue RY, Chen GY, Zhu Q, Lesaicherre ML, Yao SQ (2004a) Site-specific immobilization of biotinylated proteins for protein microarray analysis. Methods Mol Biol 264:85–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Lue RYP, Chen GYJ, Hu Y, Zhu Q, Yao SQ (2004b) Versatile protein biotinylation strategies for potential high-throughput proteomics. J Am Chem Soc 126:1055–1062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacBeath G, Schreiber SL (2000) Printing proteins as microarrays for high-throughput function determination. Science 289:1760–1763

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin P, Marsaudon S, Thomas L, Desbat B, Aimé J-P, Bennetau B (2005) Liquid mechanical behavior of mixed monolayers of amino and alkyl silanes by atomic force microscopy. Langmuir 21:6934–6943

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maskos U, Southern EM (1992a) Oligonucleotide hybridizations on glass supports - a novel linker for oligonucleotide synthesis and hybridization properties of oligonucleotides synthesized in situ. Nucl Acids Res 20:1679–1684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maskos U, Southern EM (1992b) Parallel analysis of oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligonucleotide) interactions. I. Analysis of factors influencing oligonucleotide duplex formation. Nucleic Acids Res 20:1675–1678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda T (2006) Photoiniferter-driven precision surface graft microarchitectures for biomedical applications. In: Jordan R (ed) Surface-initiated polymerization I. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 67–106

    Google Scholar 

  • McGovern ME, Kallury KMR, Thompson M (1994) Role of solvent on the silanization of glass with octadecyltrichlorosilane. Langmuir 10:3607–3614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McQuain MK, Seale K, Peek J, Fisher TS, Levy S, Stremler MA, Haselton FR (2004) Chaotic mixer improves microarray hybridization. Anal Biochem 325:215–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mengistu TZ, DeSouza L, Morin S (2005) Functionalized porous silicon surfaces as MALDI-MS substrates for protein identification studies. Chem Commun 45:5659–5661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Millan KM, Saraullo A, Mikkelsen SR (1994) Voltammetric DNA biosensor for cystic fibrosis based on a modified carbon paste electrode. Anal Chem 66:2943–2948

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miscoria SA, Desbrières J, Barrera GD, Labbé P, Rivas GA (2006) Glucose biosensor based on the layer-by-layer self-assembling of glucose oxidase and chitosan derivatives on a thiolated gold surface. Anal Chim Acta 578:137–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore E, O’Connell D, Galvin P (2006) Surface characterisation of indium-tin oxide thin electrode films for use as a conducting substrate in DNA sensor development. Thin Solid Films 515:2612–2617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris DL, Campbell J, Hornby WE (1975) The preparation of nylon-tube-supported hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the use of the co-immobilized enzymes in the automated determination of glucose. Biochem J 147:593–603

    Google Scholar 

  • Mousty C (2004) Sensors and biosensors based on clay-modified electrodes - new trends. Appl Clay Sci 27:159–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nam J-M, Thaxton CS, Mirkin CA (2003) Nanoparticle-based bio-bar codes for the ultrasensitive detection of proteins. Science 301:1884–1886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Navarre S, Choplin F, Bousbaa J, Bennetau B, Nony L, Aimé J-P (2001) Structural characterization of self-assembled monolayers of organosilanes chemically bonded onto silica wafers by dynamical force microscopy. Langmuir 17:4844–4850

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelles J, Sendor D, Ebbers A, Petrat F, Wiggers H, Schulz C, Simon U (2007) Functionalization of silicon nanoparticles via hydrosilylation with 1-alkenes. Colloid Polym Sci 285:729–736

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neves-Petersen MT, Snabe T, Klitgaard S, Duroux M, Petersen SB (2006) Photonic activation of disulfide bridges achieves oriented protein immobilization on biosensor surfaces. Protein Sci 15:343–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oh Y-H, Hong M-Y, Jin Z, Lee T, Han M-K, Park S, Kim H-S (2007) Chip-based analysis of SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) conjugation to a target protein. Biosens Bioelectron 22:1260–1267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohtsuka K, Kajiki R, Waki M, Nojima T, Takenaka S (2004) Immobilization of sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI-1) peptide onto a gold surface and analysis of its interaction with trypsin. Analyst 129:888–889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ostuni E, Chapman RG, Holmlin RE, Takayama S, Whitesides GM (2001) A survey of structure-property relationships of surfaces that resist the adsorption of protein. Langmuir 17:5605–5620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ouali L, Stoll S, Pefferkorn E, Elaissari A, Lanet V, Pichot C, Mandrand B (1995) Coagulation of antibody-sensitized latexes in the presence of antigen. Polym Adv Tech 6:541–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perler FB, Adam E (2000) Protein splicing and its applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 11:377–383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirri G, Chiari M, Damin F, Meo A (2006) Microarray glass slides coated with block copolymer brushes obtained by reversible addition chain-transfer polymerization. Anal Chem 78:3118–3124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirrung MC, Davis JD, Odenbaugh AL (2000) Novel reagents and procedures for immobilization of DNA on glass microchips for primer extension. Langmuir 16:2185–2191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pleschberger M, Saerens D, Weigert S, Sleytr UB, Muyldermans S, Sara M, Egelseer EM (2004) An S-layer heavy chain camel antibody fusion protein for generation of a nanopatterned sensing layer to detect the prostate-specific antigen by surface plasmon resonance technology. Bioconjugate Chem 15:664–671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podyminogin MA, Lukhtanov EA, Reed MW (2001) Attachment of benzaldehyde-modified oligodeoxynucleotide probes to semicarbazide-coated glass. Nucleic Acids Res 29:5090–5098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poyard S, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Martelet C, Cosnier S, Labbé P, Besombes J-L (1996) A new method for the controlled immobilization of enzyme in inorganic gels (laponite) for amperometric glucose biosensing. Sens Actuators B 33:44–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proudnikov D, Timofeev E, Mirzabekov A (1998) Immobilization of DNA in Polyacrylamide Gel for the Manufacture of DNA and DNA-Oligonucleotide Microchips. Anal Biochem 259:34–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raddatz S, Mueller-Ibeler J, Kluge J, Wass L, Burdinski G, Havens JR, Onofrey TJ, Wang D, Schweitzer M (2002) Hydrazide oligonucleotides: new chemical modification for chip array attachment and conjugation. Nucleic Acids Res 30:4793–4802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao J, Yan L, Xu B, Whitesides GM (1999) Using surface plasmon resonance to study the binding of vancomycin and its dimer to self-assembled monolayers presenting D-ALA-D-Ala. J Am Chem Soc 121:2629–2630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rendina I, Rea I, Rotiroti L, De Stefano L (2007) Porous silicon-based optical biosensors and biochips. Physica E 38:188–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Revilla J, Elaissari A, Pichot C, Gallot B (1995) Surface functionalization of polystyrene latex-particles with a liposaccharide monomer. Polym Adv Technol 6:455–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rezwan K, Meier LP, Gauckler LJ (2005) Lysozyme and bovine serum albumin adsorption on uncoated silica and AlOOH-coated silica particles: the influence of positively and negatively charged oxide surface coatings. Biomaterials 26:4351–4357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rickman DS, Herbert CJ, Aggerbeck LP (2003) Optimizing spotting solutions for increased reproducibility of cDNA microarrays. Nucl Acids Res 31:e109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez MC, Rivas GA (2004) Assembly of glucose oxidase and different polyelectrolytes by means of electrostatic layer-by-layer adsorption on thiolated gold surface. Electroanalysis 16:1717–1722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ronnebeck S, Carstensen J, Ottow S, Foll H (1999) Crystal orientation dependence of macropore growth in n-type silicon. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 2:126–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig AC, Dooley DM (2006) Bioinorganic chemistry. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10:89–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi S, Lorenzo-Ferreira C, Battistoni J, Elaissari A, Pichot C, Delair T (2004) Polymer mediated peptide immobilization onto amino-containing N-isopropylacrylamide-styrene core-shell particles. Colloid Polym Sci 282:215–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rouquerol F, Rouquerol J, Sing K (1999) Solids, adsorption by powders and porous. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubina AY, Pan’kov SV, Dementieva EI, Pen’kov DN, Butygin AV, Vasiliskov VA, Chudinov AV, Mikheikin AL, Mikhailovich VM, Mirzabekov AD (2004) Hydrogel drop microchips with immobilized DNA: properties and methods for large-scale production. Anal Biochem 325:92–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saiki RK, Walsh PS, Levenson CH, Erlich HA (1989) Genetic analysis of amplified DNA with immobilized sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:6230–6234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salmain M, Jaouen G (2003) Side-chain selective and covalent labelling of proteins with transition organometallic complexes. Perspectives in biology. C R Chimie 6:249–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos HA, Chirea M, Garcia-Morales V, Silva F, Manzanares JA, Kontturi K (2005) Electrochemical study of interfacial composite nanostructures: polyelectrolyte/gold nanoparticle multilayers assembled on phospholipid/dextran sulfate monolayers at a liquid-liquid interface. J Phys Chem B 109:20105–20114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlapak R, Pammer P, Armitage D, Zhu R, Hinterdorfer P, Vaupel M, Fruhwirth T, Howorka S (2006) Glass surfaces grafted with high-density poly(ethylene glycol) as substrates for DNA oligonucleotide microarrays. Langmuir 22:277–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid EL, Keller TA, Dienes Z, Vogel H (1997) Reversible oriented surface immobilization of functional proteins on oxide surfaces. Anal Chem 69:1979–1985

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoning MJ, Kurowski A, Thust M, Kordos P, Schultze JW, Luth H (2000) Capacitive microsensors for biochemical sensing based on porous silicon technology. Sens Actuators B Chem 64:59–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shchepinov M, Case-Green S, Southern EM (1997) Steric factors influencing hybridisation of nucleic acids to oligonucleotide arrays. Nucleic Acids Res 25:1155–1161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen G, Anand MFG, Levicky R (2004) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy study of maleimide-activated supports for immobilization of oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Nucl Acids Res 32:5973–5980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shulga AA, Strikha VI, Soldatkin AP, Elskaya AV, Maupas H, Martelet C, Cléchet P (1993) Removing the influence of buffer concentration on the response of enzyme field-effect transistors by using additional membranes. Anal Chim Acta 278:233–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sieval AB, Linke R, Heij G, Meijer G, Zuilhof H, Sudholter EJR (2001) Amino-terminated organic monolayers on hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces. Langmuir 17:7554–7559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sindorf DW, Maciel GE (1981) Silicon-29 CP/MAS NMR studies of methylchlorosilane reactions on silica gel. J Am Chem Soc 103:4263–4265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sindorf DW, Maciel GE (1983) Silicon-29 NMR study of dehydrated/rehydrated silica gel using cross polarization and magic-angle spinning. J Am Chem Soc 105:1487–1493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sing KSW, Everett DH, Haul RAW, Moscou L, Pierotti RA, Rouquerol J, Siemieniewska T (1985) Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984). Pure Appl Chem 57:603–619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soellner MB, Dickson KA, Nilsson BL, Raines RT (2003) Site-specific protein immobilization by Staudinger ligation. J Am Chem Soc 125:11790–11791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soldatkin AP, Elskaya AV, Shulga AA, Jdanova AS, Dzyadevich SV, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Martelet C, Clechet P (1994) Glucose-sensitive conductometric biosensor with additional nafion membrane - reduction of influence of buffer capacity on the sensor response and extension of its dynamic-range. Anal Chim Acta 288:197–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soldatkin AP, Elskaya AV, Shulga AA, Netchiporouk LI, Hendji AMN, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Martelet C (1993) Glucose-sensitive field-effect transistor with additional nafion membrane - reduction of influence of buffer capacity on the sensor response and extension of its dynamic-range. Anal Chim Acta 283:695–701

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon B, Koppel R, Schwartz F, Fleminger G (1990) Enzymic oxidation of monoclonal antibodies by soluble and immobilized bifunctional enzyme complexes. J Chromatogr A 510:321–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Southern EM (1975) Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol 98:503–517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staros JV, Wright RW, Swingle DM (1986) Enhancement by N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide of water-soluble carbodiimide-mediated coupling reactions. Anal Biochem 156:220–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steel AB, Herne TM, Tarlov MJ (1998) Electrochemical quantitation of DNA immobilized on gold. Anal Chem 70:4670–4677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoll S, Lanet V, Pefferkorn É (1993) Kinetics and modes of destabilization of antibody-coated polystyrene latices in the presence of antigen: reactivity of the system IgG-IgM. J Colloid Interface Sci 157:302–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Streifer JA, Kim H, Nichols BM, Hamers RJ (2005) Covalent functionalization and biomolecular recognition properties of DNA-modified silicon nanowires. Nanotechnology 16:1868–1873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strother T, Cai W, Zhao X, Hamers RJ, Smith LM (2000a) Synthesis and characterization of DNA-modified silicon (111) surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 122:1205–1209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strother T, Hamers RJ, Smith LM (2000b) Covalent attachment of oligodeoxyribonucleotides to amine-modified Si (001) surfaces. Nucleic Acids Res 28:3535–3541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun X, He P, Liu S, Ye J, Fang Y (1998) Immobilization of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid on gold electrode with self-assembled aminoethanethiol monolayer for DNA electrochemical sensor applications. Talanta 47:487–495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sundaram PV (1979) The reversible immobilization of proteins on nylon activated through the formation of a substituted imidoester, and its unusual properties. Biochem J 183:445–451

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg L, Porath J (1974) Preparation of adsorbents for biospecific affinity chromatography. Attachment of group-containing ligands to insoluble polymers by means of bifunctional oxiranes. J Chromatogr 90:87–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szabo K, Ngoc LH, Schneider P, Zeltner P, Kováts ESz (1984) Monofunctional (dimethylamino)silane as silylating agent. Helv Chim Acta 67:2128–2142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan L-P, Chen GYJ, Yao SQ (2004a) Expanding the scope of site-specific protein biotinylation strategies using small molecules. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 14:5735–5738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan LP, Lue RY, Chen GY, Yao SQ (2004b) Improving the intein-mediated, site-specific protein biotinylation strategies both in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 14:6067–6070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tao T, Maciel GE (2000) Reactivities of silicas with organometallic methylating agents. J Am Chem Soc 122:3118–3126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Templeton AC, Hostetler MJ, Kraft CT, Murray RW (1998) Reactivity of monolayer-protected gold cluster molecules: steric effects. J Am Chem Soc 120:1906–1911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thenmozhi K, Narayanan SS (2007) Surface renewable sol-gel composite electrode derived from 3-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane with covalently immobilized thionin. Biosens Bioelectron 23:606–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thiel AJ, Frutos AG, Jordan CE, Corn RM, Smith LM (1997) In situ surface plasmon resonance imaging detection of DNA hybridization to oligonucleotide arrays on gold surfaces. Anal Chem 69:4948–4956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thust M, Schoning MJ, Frohnhoff S, Arens-Fischer R, Kordos P, Luth H (1996) Porous silicon as a substrate material for potentiometric biosensors. Meas Sci Technol 7:26–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tinsley-Bown A, Smith RG, Hayward S, Anderson MH, Koker L, Green A, Torrens R, Wilkinson A-S, Perkins EA, Squirrell DJ, Nicklin S, Hutchinson A, Simons AJ, Cox TI (2005) Immunoassays in a porous silicon interferometric biosensor combined with sensitive signal processing. Physica Status Solidi A Appl Res 202:1347–1356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toegl A, Kirchner R, Gauer C, Wixforth A (2003) Enhancing results of microarray hybridizations through microagitation. J Biomol Tech 14:197–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripp CP, Hair ML (1992) Reaction of alkylchlorosilanes with silica at the solid/gas and solid/liquid interface. Langmuir 8:1961–1967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tripp CP, Hair ML (1995) Reaction of methylsilanols with hydrated silica surfaces: the hydrolysis of trichloro-, dichloro-, and monochloromethylsilanes and the effects of curing. Langmuir 11:149–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trummer N, Adnyi N, Varadi M, Szendrö I (2001) Modification of the surface of integrated optical wave-guide sensors for immunosensor applications. Fresenius J Anal Chem 371:21–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsujii Y, Ohno K, Yamamoto S, Goto A, Fukuda T (2006) Structure and properties of high-density polymer brushes prepared by surface-initiated living radical polymerization. In: Jordan R (ed) Surface-initiated polymerization I. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 1–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Uguzdogan E, Denkbas EB, Tuncel A (2002) RNA-sensitive N-isopropylacrylamide/vinylphenylboronic acid random copolymer. Macromol Biosci 2:214–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulijn RV, Bibi N, Jayawarna V, Thornton PD, Todd SJ, Mart RJ, Smith AM, Gough JE (2007) Bioresponsive hydrogels. Mater Today 10:40–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulman A (1996) Formation and structure of self-assembled monolayers. Chem Rev 96:1533–1554

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Duffel B, Schoonheydt RA, Grim CPM, De Schryver FC (1999) Multilayered clay films: atomic force microscopy study and modeling. Langmuir 15:7520–7529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veyret R, Delair T, Pichot C, Elaissari A (2005) Functionalized magnetic emulsion for genomic applications. Curr Org Chem 9:1099–1106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vijayendran RA, Leckband DE (2001) A quantitative assessment of heterogeneity for surface-immobilized proteins. Anal Chem 73:471–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volle JN, Chambon G, Sayah A, Reymond C, Fasel N, Gijs MA (2003) Enhanced sensitivity detection of protein immobilization by fluorescent interference on oxidized silicon. Biosens Bioelectron 19:457–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wan K, Chovelon J-M, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Soldatkin AP (1999) Sensitive detection of pesticide using ENFET with enzymes immobilized by cross-linking and entrapment method. Sens Actuators B Chem 58:399–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Li J, Liu H, Liu Q, Mei Q, Wang Y, Zhu J, He N, Lu Z (2002) Label-free hybridization detection of a single nucleotide mismatch by immobilization of molecular beacons on an agarose film. Nucleic Acids Res 30:e61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Cai J, Rauscher H, Behm RJ, Goedel WA (2005) Maleimido-terminated self-assembled monolayers. Chemistry 11:3968–3978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watzke A, Köhn M, Gutierrez-Rodriguez M, Wacker R, Schröder H, Breinbauer R, Kuhlmann J, Alexandrov K, Niemeyer CM, Goody RS, Waldmann H (2006) Site-selective protein immobilization by Staudinger ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 45:1408–1412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei J, Buriak JM, Siuzdak G (1999) Desorption-ionization mass spectrometry on porous silicon. Nature 399:243–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei Y, Ning G, Hai-Qian Z, Jian-Guo W, Yi-Hong W, Wesche K-D (2004) Microarray preparation based on oxidation of agarose-gel and subsequent enzyme immunoassay. Sens Actuators B Chem 98:83–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weng S, Gu K, Hammond PW, Lohse P, Rise C, Wagner RW, Wright MC, Kuimelis RG (2002) Generating addressable protein microarrays with PROfusion covalent mRNA-protein fusion technology. Proteomics 2:48–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wheatley JB, Schmidt DE Jr (1999) Salt-induced immobilization of affinity ligands onto epoxide-activated supports. J Chromatogr A 849:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winssinger N, Damoiseaux R, Tully DC, Geierstanger BH, Burdick K, Harris JL (2004) PNA-encoded protease substrate microarrays. Chem Biol 11:1351–1360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao SJ, Textor M, Spencer ND, Wieland M, Keller B, Sigrist H (1997) Immobilization of the cell-adhesive peptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys (RGDC) on titanium surfaces by covalent chemical attachment. J Mater Sci Mater Med 8:867–872

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamanaka SA, Nishida F, Ellerby LM, Nishida CR, Dunn B, Valentine JS, Zink JI (1992) Enzymatic activity of glucose oxidase encapsulated in transparent glass by the sol-gel method. Chem Mater 4:495–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang HJ, Cole CA, Monji N, Hoffman AS (1990) Preparation of a thermally phase-separating copolymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-acryloxysuccinimide), with a controlled number of active esters per polymer-chain. J Polym Sci A 28:219–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yao T (1983) A chemically-modified enzyme membrane electrode as an amperometric glucose sensor. Anal Chim Acta 148:27–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yemini M, Xu P, Kaplan DL, Rishpon J (2006) Collagen-like peptide as a matrix for enzyme immobilization in electrochemical biosensors. Electroanalysis 18:2049–2054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yershov G, Barsky V, Belgovskiy A, Kirillov E, Kreindlin E, Ivanov I, Parinov S, Guschin D, Drobishev A, Dubiley S, Mirzabekov A (1996) DNA analysis and diagnostics on oligonucleotide microchips. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:4913–4918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yeung C, Leckband D (1997) Molecular level characterization of microenvironmental influences on the properties of immobilized proteins. Langmuir 13:6746–6754

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin J, Liu F, Li X, Walsh CT (2004) Labeling proteins with small molecules by site-specific posttranslational modification. J Am Chem Soc 126:7754–7755

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida W, Castro RP, Jou J-D, Cohen Y (2001) Multilayer alkoxysilane silylation of oxide surfaces. Langmuir 17:5882–5888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yousaf MN, Mrksich M (1999) Diels-Alder reaction for the selective immobilization of protein to electroactive self-assembled monolayers. J Am Chem Soc 121:4286–4287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zammatteo N, Jeanmart L, Hamels S, Courtois S, Louette P, Hevesi L, Remacle J (2000) Comparison between different strategies of covalent attachment of DNA to glass surfaces to build DNA microarrays. Anal Biochem 280:143–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zazzera LA, Evans JF, Deruelle M, Tirrell M, Kessel CR, Mckeown P (1997) Bonding organic molecules to hydrogen-terminated silicon wafers. J Electrochem Soc 144:2184–2189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang K, Diehl MR, Tirrell DA (2005) Artificial polypeptide scaffold for protein immobilization. J Am Chem Soc 127:10136–10137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Li G (2004) Third-generation biosensors based on the direct electron transfer of proteins. Anal Sci 20:603–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao B, Brittain WJ (2000) Polymer brushes: surface-immobilized macromolecules. Prog Polym Sci 25:677–710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao X, Nampalli S, Serino AJ, Kumar S (2001) Immobilization of oligodeoxyribonucleotides with multiple anchors to microchips. Nucl Acids Res 29:955–959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y, Andersson O, Lindberg P, Liedberg B (2004) Protein microarrays on carboxymethylated dextran hydrogels: immobilization, characterization and application. Microchim Acta 147:21–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhouxin Shen EPG, Gamez A, Apon JV, Fokin V, Greig M, Ventura M, Crowell JE, Blixt O, Paulson JC, Stevens RC, Finn MG, Siuzdak G (2004) A mass spectrometry plate reader: monitoring enzyme activity and inhibition with a desorption/ionization on silicon (DIOS) platform. ChemBioChem 5:921–927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu H, Bilgin M, Bangham R, Hall D, Casamayor A, Bertone P, Lan N, Jansen R, Bidlingmaier S, Houfek T, Mitchell T, Miller P, Dean RA, Gerstein M, Snyder M (2001) Global analysis of protein activities using proteome chips. Science 293:2101–2105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu ZQ, Zhu B, Zhang J, Zhu JZ, Fan CH (2007) Nanocrystalline silicon-based oligonucleotide chips. Biosens Bioelectron 22:2351–2355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zubtsov DA, Ivanov SM, Rubina AY, Dementieva EI, Chechetkin VR, Zasedatelev AS (2006) Effect of mixing on reaction-diffusion kinetics for protein hydrogel-based microchips. J Biotechnol 122:16–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5180, Bâtiment CPE, 43 Boulevard 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France

    Vincent Dugas

Authors
  1. Vincent Dugas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abdelhamid Elaissari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yves Chevalier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vincent Dugas .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. GDG Environnement Ltée, rue St-Laurent, 2e étage 430, Trois-Rivieres, G8T 6H3, Canada

    Mohammed Zourob

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dugas, V., Elaissari, A., Chevalier, Y. (2010). Surface Sensitization Techniques and Recognition Receptors Immobilization on Biosensors and Microarrays. In: Zourob, M. (eds) Recognition Receptors in Biosensors. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0919-0_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0919-0_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0918-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0919-0

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation