Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms providing multiple health benefits to host, if present in adequate amount. Probiotic therapy is useful in multiple diseases such as inflammation, obesity, diabetes, and drug induced diarrhea to name a few. In order to enter in the consumer market, a probiotic need to cross several regulatory biosafety parameters. Bile salts conjugate produced by liver have important lipid emulsification and solubilization activity. Many microbial species reported for the presence of bile salt hydroxylase (BSH) enzyme. BSH catalyzes breakdown (deconjugation) of bile salt. If bile salt deconjugating enzymes are present in the intestine, the useful bile conjugates might be deconjugated, resulting in marked alterations in host physiochemical functions. Microbial deconjugation, particularly in the upper small intestine, may disrupt the lipid digestion and uptake of fat soluble vitamins. This makes analysis of probiotics BSH activity as an important biosafety criterion. Such indirect approach can save money and time for intestinal performance evaluation of probiotics in host animal. BSH activity can be analyzed by microbial screening in selective media, measuring enzyme activity, and high-performance liquid chromatography methods.
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Acknowledgments
Authors are thankful to Uka Tarsadia University and Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University for providing necessary facilities for the chapter preparation.
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Borase, H., Patil, S., Dwivedi, M.K., Krishnamurthy, R. (2022). Determination of Bile Salts Deconjugation. In: Dwivedi, M.K., Amaresan, N., Sankaranarayanan, A., Begum, R. (eds) Biosafety Assessment of Probiotic Potential. Methods and Protocols in Food Science . Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2509-5_8
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