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Stem Cell Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Future Perspectives

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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 7

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1237))

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer and results in a high mortality rate worldwide. Unfortunately, most cases of HCC are diagnosed in an advanced stage, resulting in a poor prognosis and ineffective treatment. HCC is often resistant to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy, resulting in a high recurrence rate. Although the use of stem cells is evolving into a potentially effective approach for the treatment of cancer, few studies on stem cell therapy in HCC have been published. The administration of stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, the amnion, and the umbilical cord to experimental animal models of HCC has not yielded consistent responses. However, it is possible to induce the apoptosis of cancer cells, repress angiogenesis, and cause tumor regression by administration of genetically modified stem cells. New alternative approaches to cancer therapy, such as the use of stem cell derivatives, exosomes or stem cell extracts, have been proposed. In this review, we highlight these experimental approaches for the use of stem cells as a vehicle for local drug delivery.

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Abbreviations

ABCG2:

ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2

ADC:

Apparent diffusion coefficient

ADSCs:

Adipose-derived stem cells

AFP:

Alpha-fetoprotein

AM:

Amniotic membrane

BM-MSCs:

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

CAF:

Cancer-associated fibroblasts

CA-MSCs:

Cancer-associated MSCs

CDKN2B:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B transcript

CDX2:

Homeobox transcription factor 2

CM:

Conditioned medium

CSCs:

Cancer stem cells

DIRAS3:

GTP-binding RAS-like 3

EMT:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

GATA6:

GATA-binding protein 6

hAECs:

Amniotic membrane-derived epithelial stem cells

hAMPE:

hAECs protein extract

hAMSCs:

Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HPCs:

Hepatic progenitor cells

HSP:

Heat shock protein

MDR:

Multidrug resistance

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NLK:

Nemo-like kinase

PACDC:

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma-derived cell lines

PCNA:

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PEDF:

Pigment epithelium-derived factor

PI3K:

Phosphatide inositol 3 kinase

Rbl-1:

Retinoblastoma-like 1

SPIO:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide

TAK1:

TGF β-activated kinase-1

TAMs:

Tumor-associated macrophages

TERT:

Telomerase reverse transcriptase

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor Beta

TRAIL:

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand

UC-MSCs:

Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells

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Acknowledgement

This work is supported by grant #5300, funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF) and the Sawiris Foundation for Social Development.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Author notes

  1. Authors Hoda Elkhenany and Ahmed Shekshek have equally contributed to this chapter.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt

    Hoda Elkhenany & Nagwa El-Badri

  2. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Hoda Elkhenany

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt

    Ahmed Shekshek

  4. Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Abdel-Daim

  5. Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

    Mohamed Abdel-Daim

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  1. Hoda Elkhenany
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  3. Mohamed Abdel-Daim
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  4. Nagwa El-Badri
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Correspondence to Nagwa El-Badri .

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  1. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Elkhenany, H., Shekshek, A., Abdel-Daim, M., El-Badri, N. (2019). Stem Cell Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Future Perspectives. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 7. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1237. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2019_441

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