Skip to main content

Selected Examples of Structural Determination for Non-crystalline Materials Using the AXS Method

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Anomalous X-Ray Scattering for Material Characterization

Part of the book series: Springer Tracts in Modern Physics ((STMP,volume 179))

  • 452 Accesses

Abstract

A simple and quantitative description with a few parameters of distance and angle, as employed for crystalline materials, is impossible for melt and glass structures, mainly because of the particular non-periodicity in their atomic arrangements which results in the fluctuation of both the atomic position and angle. In addition, non-crystalline materials of interest mostly contain more than two kinds of elements, and therefore the concept and utility of the partial structure functions in multi-component, non-crystalline materials have been emphasized for a long time. We can have more than just one-dimensional radial distribution function (RDF) information, when the full set of the partial functions are obtained. Three partial functions are required in a binary system, and six partials in a ternary system. However, the actual implementation of this subject is not a trivial task even for binary systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J.E. Enderby, D.M. North and P.A. Egelstaff: Philos. Mag., 14, 961 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. D.I. Page and I. Mika: J. Phys. C., 4, 3034 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. F.G. Edwards, J.E. Enderby, R.A. Howe and D.I. Page: J. Phys. C., 8, 3483 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J.Y. Derrien and J. Dupuy: J. Physiq., 36, 191 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J.Y. Derrien and J. Dupuy: Phys. Chem. Liquids, 5, 71 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. E.W.J. Mitchell, P.F.J. Poncet and R.J. Stewart: Philos. Mag., 34, 721 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. F.G. Edwards, R.A. Howe, J.E. Enderby and D.I. Page: J. Phys. C., 11, 1053 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Biggin and J.E. Enderby: J. Phys. C., 14, 3129 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Biggin and J.E. Enderby: J. Phys. C., 14, 3577 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. S. Biggin and J.E. Enderby: J. Phys. C., 15, L305 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Eisenberg, J.F. Jal, J. Dupuy, P. Chieux and W. Knoll: Philos. Mag., A 46, 195 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R.L. McGrevey and E.W.J. Mitchell: J. Phys. C., 15, 5537 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Locke, R.L. McGreevy, S. Messoloras, E.W.J. Mitchell and R.J. Stewart: Philos. Mag., B 51, 301 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. K.F. LudwigJr., W.K. Warburton and L. Wilson: J. Chem. Phys., 87, 604 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D.A. Allen and R.A. Howe: J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 4, 6029 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. P. Bodot: Acta Crystallogr., A 30, 470 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Saito, C.Y. Park, K. Omote, K. Sugiyama and Y. Waseda: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 66, 633 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Saito, S.C. Kang and Y. Waseda: Jpn. J.Appl. Phys. Suppl., 38, 596 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. R.G. Munro: Phys. Rev., B 25, 5037 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. R.L. McGreevy and L. Pusztai: Mol. Simul., 1, 359 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R.L. McGreevy and L. Pusztai: Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., A 430, 241 (1990)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. R.L. McGreevy: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., A 354, 1 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. L. Pusztai and R.L. McGreevy: J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 10, 525 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A.K. Livesey and P.H. Gaskell: Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Rapidly Quenched Metals, IVIV (edited by T. Masumoto and K. Suzuki, Japan Institute of Metals, Sendai 1982) pp. 335

    Google Scholar 

  25. R.G. Stantson: Numerical Methods for Science and Engineering (Prentice-Hall, New York 1961)

    Google Scholar 

  26. C.L. Lawson and R.J. Hanson: Solving Least-Square Problems (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1974)

    Google Scholar 

  27. G. Licheri, G. Navarra and S. Seatzu: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 119, 29 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. W. Bührer and W. Hölg: Electrochim. Acta., 22, 701 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. M. Saito, S. Kang, K. Sugiyama and Y. Waseda: J.Phys. Soc. Jpn., 68, 1932 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Waseda, S. Kang, K. Sugiyama, M. Kimura and M. Saito: J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 12, A195 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Y. Shirakawa, M. Saito, S. Tamaki, M. Inui and S. Takeda: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 60, 2678 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Inui, S. Takeda, Y. Shirakawa, S. Tamaki, Y. Waseda and Y. Yamaguchi: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 60, 3025 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M. Saito, C.Y. Park, K. Sugiyama and Y. Waseda: J.Phys. Soc. Jpn., 66, 3120 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Y. Waseda, M. Saito, C. Park and K. Omote: J. Synchrotron Rd., 5, 923 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. P.H. Fuoss, P. Eisengerger, W.K. Warburton and A. Bienenstock: Phys. Rev. Lett., 46, 1537 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. S. Hosoya: Bull. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 25, 110 and 228 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  37. N.J. Shevchik: Philos. Mag., 35, 805 and 1289 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. A.K. Soper, G.W. Neilson, J.E. Enderby and R.A. Howe: J. Phys. C., 10, 1793 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. J.E. Enderby and G. Neilson: Rep. Prog. Phys., 44, 593 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. J.E. Enderby: J. Phys. C., 15, 4609 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. K. Takahashi, N. Mochida, H. Matsui, S. Takeuchi and Y. Gohshi: Yogyo-Kyokai-Shi, 84, 482 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. N. Mochida, T. Sekiya and A. Ohtsuka: Yogyo-Kyokai-Shi, 96, 271 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. K.Q. Lu, Y.Q. Zhao, L.C. Chang, Z.J. Shen, W.W. Huang and Y.F. Lin: Chin. Phys. Lett., 2, 113 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Y. Shimizugawa, C.D. Yin, M. Okuno, H. Morikawa, F. Marumo, Y. Udagawa, N. Mochida and T. Sekiya: Yogyo-Kyokai-Shi, 95, 418 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. K. Sugiyama, Y. Waseda and M. Ashizuka: Mater. Trans. JIM, 32, 1030 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. E. Matsubara, K. Harada, Y. Waseda and M. Iwase: Z. Naturforsch., 43a, 181 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Y. Waseda, E. Matsubara, K. Okuda, K. Omote, K. Tohji, S.N. Okuno and K. Inomata: J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 4, 6355 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. H.A. Levy, D.M. Danford and A.H. Narten: Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report, No. ORNL-3960 (ORNL, Oak Ridge 1966)

    Google Scholar 

  49. A.H. Narten, F. Vaslow and H.A. Levy: J. Chem. Phys., 58, 5017 (1973)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. A.H. Narten: J. Chem. Phys., 56, 1905 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. S.N. Okuno, S. Hashimoto, K. Inomata, S. Morimoto and A. Ito: J. Mag. Soc. Jpn., 14, 213 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. E. Matsubara, K. Okuda, Y. Waseda, S.N. Okuno and K. Inomata: Z. Natur-forsch., 45a, 1144 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  53. P. Duwez, R.H. Williams and W. Klement: J. Appl. Phys., 31, 36 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. T. Masumoto and R. Maddin: Acta Meta., 19, 191 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  55. H.S. Chen, H.J. Leamy and M. Barmatz: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 5, 444 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. A. Inoue, T. Zhang and T. Masumoto: Mater. Trans. JIM, 30, 965 (1989)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. A. Inoue: Bulk Amorphous Alloys, Preparation and Fundamental Characteristics (Trans. Tech., Uetkon-Zurich 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  58. N. Nishiyama and A. Inoue: Mater. Trans. JIM, 38, 1531 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  59. A. Inoue, N. Nishiyama and H. Kimura: Mater. Trans. JIM, 37, 179 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  60. A. Inoue: Bulk Amorphous Alloys, Practical Characteristics and (Applications Trans. Tech. Uetkon-Zurich 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  61. T. Ikeda, E. Matsubara, Y. Waseda, A. Inoue, T. Chang and T. Masumoto: Mater. Trans. JIM, 36, 1093 (1995)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. P. Villars and L.D. Calvert (editors): Peason’s Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Intermetallic Phases, Vol. 1–3 (American Society for Metals, Materials Park, Ohio 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  63. G. Petzow and G. Effenberg (editors): Ternary Alloys, Vol.8 (VCH, New York, (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  64. E. Matsubara, T. Tamura, Y. Waseda, A. Inoue, T. Zhang and T. Masumoto: Mater. Trans. JIM, 33, 873 (1992)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. E. Matsubara, T. Tamura, Y. Waseda, T. Zhang, A. Inoue and T. Masumoto: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 150, 380 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. E. Matsubara, K. Sugiyama, A.H. Shinohara, Y. Waseda, A. Inoue, T. Zhang and T. Masumoto: Mater. Sci. Eng., A 179/180, 444 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. A. Blesa and E. Matijevic: Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 29, 173 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Y. Waseda: Novel Application of Anomalous X-ray Scattering for Structural Characterization of Disordered Materials (Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin, New York 1984)

    Google Scholar 

  69. E. Matsubara and Y. Waseda: J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 1, 8575 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. K. Shinoda, E. Matsubara, M. Saito, Y. Waseda, T. Hirato and Y. Awakura: Z. Naturforsch., 52a, 855 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  71. K.F. LudwigJr., W.K. Warburton and A. Fontaine: J. Chem. Phys., 87, 620 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. A.H. Narten and H.A. Levy: Science 160 447 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. J.E. Enderby and G.W. Neilson: Adv. Phys., 29, 323 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. P. Lagrade, A. Fontaine, D. Raoux, A. Sadoc and P. Migliardo: J. Chem. Phys., 72, 3061 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. D.L. Wertz and R.F. Kruh: J. Chem. Phys., 43, 2163 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. D.L. Wertz and R.F. Kruh: J. Chem. Phys., 50, 4313 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. H. Ohtaki, T. Yamaguchi and M. Maeda: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 49, 701 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. R. Caminiti and P. Cucca: Chem. Phys. Lett., 89, 110 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. P. Dreier and P. Rabe: J. Phys., 47, C8–809 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  80. E. Matsubara, K. Okuda and Y. Waseda, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 2, 9133 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. S. Biggin, J.E. Enderby, R.L. Hahn and A.H. Narten: J. Phys. Chem., 88, 3634 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. V.Q. Kinh, E. Chassaing and M. Saurat: Elecrodep. Sur. Treat., 3, 205 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. K. WiKeil and J. Osteryoung: J. Appl.Electrochem., 22, 506 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. I.A. Raj: J. Mater. Sci., 28, 4375 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. A. Brenner: Electrodeposition of Alloys 2 (Academic Press, New York 1963) Chap. 34

    Google Scholar 

  86. D.W. Ernst and M.L. Holt: J. Electrochem. Soc., 105, 686 (1958)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. S. Rengakuji, Y. Nakamura, M. Inoue, K. Nishibe and H. Imanaga: Denki Kagaku, 59, 885 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. H. Fukushima, T. Akiyama, S. Akagi and K. Higashi: Mater. Trans. JIM, 20, 358 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. J. Podlaha, M. Matlosz and D. Landolt: J. Electrochem. Soc., 140, L149 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. E.J. Podlaha and D. Landolt: J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 885 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. K. Higashi and H. Fukushima: J. Metal. Finish. Soc. Jpn., 24, 486 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. C.C. Nee, W. Kim and R. Weil:J. Electrochem. Soc., 135, 1100 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. B. Yuan, K. Liu and M. Kowaka: J. Metal. Finish. Soc. Jpn., 42, 639 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. S. Yao and M. Kowaka: Metal. Finish. Soc. Jpn., 39, 736 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. T. Aliyama, H. Fukushima, F. Yuse, T. Tsuru and Y. Tomokiyo: Metal. Finish. Soc. Jpn., 46, 1133 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  96. L. Kihlborg: Arkiv Kemi., 21, 357 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. K. Sjobom and B. Hedman: Acta Chem. Scand., 27, 3673 (1973)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. G. Johansson, L. Pettersson and N. Ingri: Acta Chem. Scand., A 28, 1119 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York 1988) pp. 817

    Google Scholar 

  100. A. Perloff: Inorg. Chem., 9, 2228 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. E. Uekawa, K. Murase, E. Matsubara, T. Hirato and Y. Awakura: J. Electrochem, Soc., 145, 523 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. K. Shinoda, E. Matsubara, Y. Waseda, E. Uekawa, K. Murase, T. Hirato and Y. Awakura: Hyomen-Gijutsu, 49, 1115 (1998)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. T. Watanabe, T. Naoe, A. Mitsuo and S. Katsumata: J. Finish. Soc. Jpn., 40, 458 (1989)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. P. Hagenmüller and W. van Goal (editors): Solid Electrolytes (Academic Press, New York 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  105. J.L. Souquet: Solid State Ionics, 5, 77 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. T. Minami: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 56, 15 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. M. Saito, K. Sugiyama, E. Matsubara, K.T. Jacob and Y. Waseda: Mater. Trans. JIM, 36, 1434 (1995)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. N. Machida, M. Chusho and T. Minami: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 101, 101 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. C. Liu and C.A. Angell: Solid State Ionics, 13, 105 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. T. Minami and N. Machida: Mater. Chem. Phys., 23, 51 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. N. Machida and T. Minami: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 71, 784 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. M. Saito, K.T. Jacob and Y. Waseda: High Temp. Mater. Process, 18, 21 (1999)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. M. Tachez, R. Mercier, J.P. Malugani and P. Chieux: Solid State Ionics, 25, 2772 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  114. H. Takahashi, E. Matsubara and Y. Waseda: J. Mater. Sci., 29, 2536 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. L. Börjesson, R.L. McGreevy and W.S. Howells: Philos. Mag., B 65, 261 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  116. K. Hestermann and R. Hoppe: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 360, 113 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. H-M. Higeon, M. Zanne, C. Gleitzer and A. Courtois: J. Solid State Chem., 16, 325 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. J.B. Goodenough: Proc. of the Climax 4th Int. Conf. on the Chem. and Uses of Molybdenum, ed. by H.F. Barry and P.C.H. Mitchel (Climax Molybdenum, Ann Arbor 1982)

    Google Scholar 

  119. P.A. Johnson, A.C. Wright and R.N. Sinclair: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 50, 281 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. E. Matsubara, K. Sugiyama, Y. Waseda, M. Ashizuka and E. Ishida: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 9, 14 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Y. Waseda, E. Matsubara, K. Sugiyama, I.K. Suh, T. Kawazoe, O. Kasu, M. Ashizuka and E. Ishida: Sci. Rep. Res. Inst. Tohoku Univ., A 35, 19 (1990)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. T. Minami and M. Tanaka: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 38/39, 289 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. S. Hemalatha, P.R. Sarode and K.J. Rao: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 54, 313 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. A. Rajalakshmi, M. Seshasayee, G. Aravamudan, T. Yamaguchi, M. Nomura and H. Ohtaki: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 59, 1252 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. A.G. Wells: Structural Inorganic Chemistry (Clarendon Oxford 1975)

    Google Scholar 

  126. K. Funke: Progr. Solid State Chem., 11, 345 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. J.D. Westwood, P. Georgopoulos and D.M. Whitmore: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 107, 88 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. S. Kang, M. Saito, K.T. Jacob and Y. Waseda: Sci. Tech. Adv. Mater., 1, 37 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2002). Selected Examples of Structural Determination for Non-crystalline Materials Using the AXS Method. In: Anomalous X-Ray Scattering for Material Characterization. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, vol 179. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46008-X_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46008-X_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-43443-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46008-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics