Skip to main content
  • 527 Accesses

Abstract

Anal problems are common in women and often present special therapeutic challenges, especially during pregnancy and following delivery. Thrombosed external hemorrhoids and anal fissure are frequently seen during and after pregnancy. Prolapsed, strangulated internal hemorrhoids, an uncommon problem in the general population, is a well-recognized complication of vaginal delivery. Anal skin tags are common in multiparous women. These problems will be discussed in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Gordon PH, Nivatvongs A. Principles and Practice of Surgery for the Colon Rectum and Anus. St Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Corman ML. Colon and Rectal Surgery, 3rd edn. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gorfine SR. Treatment of benign anal disease with topical nitroglycerine. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:453–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Schoeten WR, Briel JW, Boerma MO et al. Pathophysiological aspects and clinical outcome of intraanal application of isosorbide dinitrate in patients with chronic anal fissure. Gut 1996;39:465–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hananel N, Gordon PH. Re-examination of clinical manifestations and response to therapy of fissure in ano. Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:229–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Corby H, Donnelly VS, O’Herlihy C, O’Connell PR. Anal canal pressures are low in women with postpartum anal fissure. Br J Surg 1997;84:86–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lock MR, Thomson JPS. Fissure in ano: the initial management and prognosis. Br J Surg 1977;64:355–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jensen SL. Diet and other risk factors for fissure in ano. Prospective case control study. Dis Colon Rectum 1988;31:770–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jensen SL. Maintenance therapy with unprocessed bran in the prevention of acute anal fissure recurrence. J R Soc Med 1987;80:296–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Keck JO, Staninnas RJ, Coller JA et al. Computer generated profiles of the anal canal in patients with anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:72–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Schoeten RI, Briel JW, Auwerda JJA, Boerma MO. Anal fissure: new concepts in pathogenesis and treatment. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31Suppl 218:78–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lund JN, Scholefield JH. Aetiology and treatment of anal fissure. Br J Surg 1996;83:1335–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Schoeten WR, Briel JW, Auwerda JJA et al. Ischaemic nature of anal fissure. Br J Surg 1996;83:63–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Klosterhalfen B, Vogel P, Rixen H et al. Topography of the inferior rectal artery: a possible cause of chronic, primary anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 1989;32:43–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Schoeten WR, Briel JW, Auwerda JJA. Relationship between anal pressure and anodermal blood flow. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:664–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Dodi G, Bogoni F, Infantino A et al. Hot or cold in anal pain? A study of the changes in internal anal sphincter pressure profiles. Dis Colon Rectum 1986;29:248–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hananel N, Gordon PH. Lateral internal sphincterotomy for fissure in ano — revisited. Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:597–602.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Garcia-Aguilar J, Belmonte C, Wong WD et al. Open vs closed sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 1996;39:440–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sultan AH, Mann MH, Nicholls, RJ et al. Prospective study of the extent of internal anal sphincterotomy division during lateral sphincterotomy. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:1031–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Littlejohn DRG, Newstead GL. Tailored lateral internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:1439–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Leong AFPK, Seow-Choen F. Lateral sphincterotomy compared to anal advancement flap for chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:69–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bacher H, Mischinger HJ, Werkgartner G et al. Local nitroglycerine for treatment of anal fissures: an alternative to lateral sphincterotomy? Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:845–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Lund JN, Scholefield JH. A randomized, prospective, double blind, placebo controlled trial of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in treatment of anal fissure. Lancet 1997;349:11–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Medich DS, Fazio VW. Haemorrhoids, anal fissure, and carcinoma of the colon, rectum and anus during pregnancy. Surg Clin North Am 1995;75(1):77–88.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. MacRae, HM, McLeod RS. Comparison of haemorrhoidal treatments: A meta-analysis. Can J Surg 1997;40:14–17.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Simmons SC. Anorectal disorders in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol 1964;71:960–2.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Salvati EP. Management of acute haemorrhoidal disease. In: Schrock T, editor. Perspectives in Colon and Rectal Surgery. St Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing, 1990;(2):309–14.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Saleeby RG Jr, Rosen L, Stasik J et al. Hemorrhoidectomy during pregnancy: risk or relief? Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:260–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ruiz-Moreno F. Surgery in the puerperium for painful anorectal disorders. Proc Soc Med 1970;63:102–3.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Schottler JL, Balcos EG, Goldberg SM. Postpartum hemorrhoidectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 1973;16:395–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Berman IR. Mechanisms, diagnosis and management of anal irritation and itching. In: Schrock T, edition: Perspectives in colon and Rectal Surgery. St Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing, 1990;3(1):82–97.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Burnstein, M.J. (2003). Common Anal Problems in Women. In: Drutz, H.P., Herschorn, S., Diamant, N.E. (eds) Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-238-1_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-238-1_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84628-237-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-238-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics