Abstract
Based on the results from more than 50 interlaboratory comparisons, Horwitz et al. (1980) showed that, as target compound concentrations in complex matrices decrease, the relative standard deviation or coefficient of variation (C.V.) of analytical results increases exponentially. There are a number of potential causes for this problem, but at very lowenvironmental concentrations, method selectivity (i.e., the ability to distinguish the analyte from interferences) is a major factor. Because passive samplers such as the SPMD accumulate a broad range of nonpolar chemicals (including complex mixtures of anthropogenic and biogenic compounds characteristic of the site and sample matrix), sampling must be considered non-selective. Fortunately, passive samplers with nonpolar sequestration phases concentrate potential interferences with low octanol-water partition coefficients (K ows) less than the nonpolar target compounds. However, this enrichment effect is offset when trace (<1 μg L–1) or ultra trace (<1 ng L–1) detection or quantitation limits are required due to the much higher concentrations of potential interferences (relative to analyte concentrations).
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Huckins, J.N., Booij, K., Petty, J.D. (2006). Analytical Chemistry Related to SPMDs. In: Monitors of Organic Chemicals in the Environment. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-35414-X_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-35414-X_5
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