Abstract
The production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in warm environments and on sandy soils makes the crop vulnerable to soil drying in nearly every cropping season. Several traits are being explored to overcome yield decreases resulting from the inevitable water deficits that develop in the soil. In this review, two traits: (1) an early limitation on transpiration rate (TR) as the soil dries, and (2) limitation on maximum TR (TRlim) under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in peanut will be discussed. Both of these traits result in water conservation by limiting plant transpiration rates and are potential reasons for genetic variation in Transpiration Efficiency (TE). The basis for transpiration response to soil water deficits and high VPD at the tissue and whole plant levels appears to be leaf and root hydraulic properties. A contributing factor in determining hydraulic limitations is water transport through membranes via aquaporins (AQP). Overall, both of the two traits result in phenotypes with an ability to conserve water especially under late-season drought events. While large genetic variability in these traits has been observed in peanut, breeding efforts are still required to exploit these promising traits in commercial cultivars. This review focuses on the traits in peanut that allow identification of tolerant genotypes with potential yield increase in water-limited environments. A recent progress in molecular marker technology has made it possible to measure polymorphism in peanut and to identify molecular markers or quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to TE and its surrogate traits despite its low levels of molecular polymorphism and complex polyploid genome. We also reviewed some of these QTLs and their potential application for molecular breeding in peanut under water-limited environments.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Devi MJ, Reddy SD et al (2007) Stress-inducible expression of At DREB1A in transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) increases transpiration efficiency under water-limiting conditions. Plant Cell Rep 26:2071–2082
Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Vadez V, Devi MJ et al (2009) Genetic engineering of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with the P5CSF129A gene for osmoregulation with implications on drought tolerance. Mol Breed 23(4):591–606
Bierhuizen JF, Slatyer RO (1965) Effect of atmospheric concentration of water vapor and CO2 in determining transpiration-photosynthesis relationships of cotton leaves. Agric Meteor 2:259–270
Branch WD, Kvien CK (1992) Peanut breeding for drought resistance. Peanut Sci 19(1):44–46
Clifford SC, Stronach IM, Black CR et al (2000) Effect of elevated CO2, drought and temperature on the water relations and gas exchange of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) stands grown in controlled environment glasshouses. Physiol Plant 110:78–88
Cuc LM, Mace ES, Crouch JH et al (2008) Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite markers and their application for diversity assessment in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BMC Plant Biol 8(1):1
Devi MJ, Sinclair TR (2011) Diversity in drought traits among commercial southeastern US peanut cultivars. Int J Agron. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/754658
Devi MJ, Sinclair TR, Vadez V et al (2009) Peanut genotypic variation in transpiration efficiency and decreased transpiration during progressive soil drying. Field Crop Res 114(2):280–285
Devi MJ, Sinclair TR, Vadez V (2010) Genotypic variation in peanut for transpiration response to vapor pressure deficit. Crop Sci 50(1):191–196
Devi MJ, Sadok W, Sinclair TR (2012) Transpiration response of de-rooted peanut plants to aquaporin inhibitors. Environ Exp Bot 78:167–172
Devi MJ, Sinclair TR, Beebe SE et al (2013) Comparison of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for nitrogen fixation tolerance to soil drying. Plant Soil 364(1–2):29–37
Devi MJ, Sinclair TR, Chen P et al (2014) Evaluation of elite southern maturity soybean breeding lines for drought-tolerant traits. Agron J 106(6):1947–1954
Devi MJ, Sinclair TR, Jain M et al (2016) Leaf aquaporin transcript abundance in peanut genotypes diverging in expression of the limited-transpiration trait when subjected to differing vapor pressure deficits and aquaporin inhibitors. Physiol Plant 156(4):387–396
Dwivedi SL, Gurtu S, Chandra S et al (2001) Assessment of genetic diversity among selected groundnut germplasm. I: RAPD analysis. Plant Breed 120(4):345–349
Ferguson ME, Burow MD, Schulze SR et al (2004) Microsatellite identification and characterization in peanut (A. hypogaea L.). Theor Appl Genet 108(6):1064–1070
Fletcher AL, Sinclair TR, Allen LH (2007) Transpiration responses to vapor pressure deficit in well-watered ‘slow-wilting’ and commercial soybean. Environ Exp Bot 61:145–151
Fonceka D, Tossim HA, Rivallan R et al (2012) Fostered and left behind alleles in peanut: interspecific QTL mapping reveals footprints of domestication and useful natural variation for breeding. BMC Plant Biol 12(1):1
Gautami B, Pandey MK, Vadez V et al (2012) QTL analysis and consensus genetic map for drought tolerance traits based on three RIL populations of cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Mol Breed 32:757–772
Gholipoor M, Prasad PVV, Mutava RN et al (2010) Genetic variability of transpiration response to vapor pressure deficit among sorghum genotypes. Field Crop Res 119:85–90
He G, Prakash CS (1997) Identification of polymorphic DNA markers in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Euphytica 97(2):143–149
He G, Meng R, Newman M, Gao G, Pittman R, Prakash CS (2003) Microsatellites as DNAmarkers in cultivated peanut (A. hypogaea L.). BMC Plant Biol 3:3
Heinen RB, Ye Q, Chaumont F (2009) Role of aquaporins in leaf physiology. J Exp Bot 171 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp171
Hopkins MS, Casa AM, Wang T et al (1999) Discovery and characterization of polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in peanut. Crop Sci 39(4):1243–1247
Hyten DL, Song Q, Fickus EW et al (2010) High-throughput SNP discovery and assay development in common bean. BMC Genom 11(1):475
Kholova J, Hash CT, Kakkera A et al (2010) Constitutive water-conserving mechanisms are correlated with the terminal drought tolerance of pearl millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. J Expert Bot 61:369–377
Kochert G, Stalker HT, Gimenes M et al (1996) RFLP and cytogenetic evidence on the origin and evolution of allotetraploid domesticated peanut, Arachis hypogaea (Leguminosae). Am J Bot 83:1282–1291
Kramer PJ (1980) Drought, stress, and the origin of adaptations. In: Turner NC, Kramer PJ (eds) Adaptation of plants to water and high temperature stress. Wiley, New York, pp 7–20
Krishnamurthy L, Vadez V, Devi MJ et al (2007) Variation in transpiration efficiency and its related traits in a groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) mapping population. Field Crop Res 103:189–197
Levin M, Lemcoff JH, Cohen S et al (2007) Low air humidity increases leaf-specific hydraulic conductance of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (Brassicaceae). J Exp Bot 58(13):3711–3718
Moretzsohn MC, Leoi L, Proite K et al (2005) A microsatellite-based, gene-rich linkage map for the AA genome of Arachis (Fabaceae). Theor Appl Genet 111(6):1060–1071
Nardini A, Salleo S (2005) Water stress-induced modifications of leaf hydraulic architecture in sunflower: co-ordination with gas exchange. J Exp Bot 56(422):3093–3101
Pandey MK, Gautami B, Jayakumar T et al (2012a) Highly informative genic and genomic SSR markers to facilitate molecular breeding in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Plant Breed 131(1):139–147
Pandey MK, Monyo E, Ozias-Akins P et al (2012b) Advances in Arachis genomics for peanut improvement. Biotechnol Adv 30:639–651
Pandey MK, Guo B, Holbrook CC et al (2014a) Molecular markers, genetic maps and QTLs for molecular breeding in peanut. In: Mallikarjuna N, Varshney R (eds) Genetics, genomics and breeding of peanuts. CRC Press, USA, pp 61–113
Pandey MK, Upadhyaya HD, Rathore A et al (2014b) Genome wide association studies for 50 agronomic traits in peanut using the ‘reference set’ comprising 300 genotypes from 48 countries of the semi-arid tropics of the world. PLoS ONE 20 9(8):e105228
Passioura JB (1977) Grain yield, harvest index, and water use of wheat. J Aus Inst Agri Sci 43:117–120
Peng Z, Gallo M, Tillman BL et al (2016) Molecular marker development from transcript sequences and germplasm evaluation for cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Mol Genet Genomics 1–19
Rao RCN, Wright GC (1994) Stability of the relationship between specific leaf area and carbon isotope discrimination across environments in peanut. Crop Sci 34:98–103
Rao RCN, Williams JH, Wadia KDR et al (1993) Crop growth, water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.) genotypes under end of season drought conditions. Ann Appl Biol 122:357–367
Ratnakumar P, Vadez V, Nigam SN et al (2009) Assessment of transpiration efficiency in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under drought using a lysimetric system. Plant Biol 11:124–130
Ravi K, Vadez V, Isobe S et al (2011) Identification of several small main-effect QTLs and a large number of epistatic QTLs for drought tolerance related traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Theor Appl Genet 122(6):1119–1132
Ray JD, Sinclair TR (1997) Stomatal conductance of maize hybrids in response to drying soil. Crop Sci 37:803–807
Ray JD, Sinclair TR (1998) The effect of pot size on growth and transpiration of maize and soybean during water deficit stress. J Expt Bot 49:1381–1386
Ray JD, Gesch RW, Sinclair TR et al (2002) The effect of vapor pressure deficit on maize transpiration response to a drying soil. Plant Soil 239:113–121
Ritchie JT (1981) Water dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Plant Soil 55:81–96
Sadok W, Sinclair TR (2009) Genetic variability of transpiration response to vapor pressure deficit among soybean cultivars. Crop Sci 49(3):955–960
Sadok W, Sinclair TR (2010) Transpiration response of ‘slow-wilting’ and commercial soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes to three aquaporin inhibitors. J Exp Bot 61(3):821–829
Sadras VO, Milroy SP (1996) Soil-water thresholds for the responses of leaf expansion and gas exchange: a review. Field Crop Res 47:253–266
Seversike TM, Sermons SM, Sinclair TR et al (2013) Temperature interactions with transpiration response to vapor pressure deficit among cultivated and wild soybean genotypes. Physiol Plant 148(1):62–73
Sharma KK, Lavanya M (2002) Recent developments in transgenics for abiotic stress in legumes of the semi-arid tropics. JIRCAS Work Rep 61–73
Shatil-Cohen A, Attia Z, Moshelion M (2011) Bundle-sheath cell regulation of xylem-mesophyll water transport via aquaporins under drought stress: a target of xylem-borne ABA? Plant J 67(1):72–80
Shekoofa A, Devi JM, Sinclair TR et al (2013) Divergence in drought-resistance traits among parents of recombinant peanut inbred lines. Crop Sci 53(6):2569–2576
Shekoofa A, Rosas-Anderson P, Sinclair TR et al (2015) Measurement of limited-transpiration trait under high vapor pressure deficit for peanut in chambers and in field. Agron J 107(3):1019–1024
Sheshshayee MS, Bindumadhava AG, Shankar TG et al (2003) Breeding strategies to exploit water use efficiency for crop improvement. J Plant Biol 30:253–268
Sheshshayee MS, Bindumadhava H, Rachaputi NR et al (2006) Leaf chlorophyll concentration relates to transpiration efficiency in peanut. Ann Appl Biol 148:7–15
Sinclair TR (2012) Is transpiration efficiency a viable plant trait in breeding for crop improvement? Funct Plant Biol 39:359–365
Sinclair TR, Ludlow MM (1986) Influence of soil water supply on the plant water balance of four tropical grain legumes. Aust J Plant Physiol 13:319–340
Sinclair TR, Muchow RC (2001) System analysis of plant traits to increase grain yield on limited water supplies. Agron J 93(2):263–270
Sinclair TR, Tanner CB, Bennett JM (1984) Water-use efficiency in crop production. Bioscience 34:36–40
Sinclair TR, Hammer GL, van Oosterom EJ (2005) Potential yield and water-use efficiency benefits in sorghum from limited maximum transpiration rate. Funct Plant Biol 32:945–952
Sinclair TR, Zwieniecki MA, Holbrook NM (2008) Low leaf hydraulic conductance associated with drought tolerance in soybean. Physiol Plant 132:446–451
Sinclair TR, Messina CD, Beatty A et al (2010) Assessment across the United States of the benefits of altered soybean drought traits. Agron J 102(2):475–482
Sinclair TR, Marrou H, Soltani A et al (2014) Soybean production potential in Africa. Glob Food Sec 3(1):31–40
Sinclair TR, Manandhar A, Belko N et al (2015) Variation among cowpea genotypes in sensitivity of transpiration rate and symbiotic nitrogen fixation to soil drying. Crop Sci 55(5):2270–2275
Stalker HT, Mozingo LG (2001) Molecular markers of Arachis and marker-assisted selection. Peanut Sci 28(2):117–123
Subramanian V, Gurtu S, Rao RN et al (2000) Identification of DNA polymorphism in cultivated groundnut using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. Genome 43(4):656–660
Tanner CB, Sinclair TR (1983) Efficient water use in crop production: research or re-search? In: Taylor HM et al (eds) Limitations to efficient water use in crop production. ASA, CSSA and SSSA, Madison, pp 1–27
Varshney RK, Bertioli DJ, Moretzsohn MC et al (2009) The first SSR-based genetic linkage map for cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Theor Appl Genet 118:729–739
Varshney RK, Pandey MK, Janila P et al (2014) Marker-assisted introgression of a QTL region to improve rust resistance in three elite and popular varieties of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Theor Appl Genet 127(8):1771–1781
Weisz R, Kaminski J, Smilowitz Z (1994) Water deficit effects on potato leaf growth and transpiration: utilizing fraction extractable soil water for comparison with other crops. Am Potato J 71:829–840
Wright GC, Hubick KT, Farquhar GD (1991) Physiological analysis of peanut cultivar response to timing and duration of drought stress. Aust J Agric Res 42:453–470
Wright GC, Rao RCN, Farquhar GD (1994) Water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in peanut under water deficit conditions. Crop Sci 34:92–97
Wright GC, Nageswara Rao RC, Basu MS (1996) A physiological approach to the understanding of genotype by environment interactions—a case study on improvement of drought adaptation in peanut. In: Cooper M, Hammer GL (eds) Plant adaptation and crop improvement. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 365–381
Zaman-Allah M, Jenkinson DM, Vadez V (2011) Chickpea genotypes contrasting for seed yield under terminal drought stress in the field differ for traits related to the control of water use. Func Plant Biol 38:270–281
Zhang X, Han S, Tang F et al (2013) Genetic analysis of yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using mixed model of major gene plus polygene. Afr J Biotechnol 10(37):7126–7130
Zhao Y, Prakash CS, He G (2012) Characterization and compilation of polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of peanut from public database. BMC Res Notes 5(1):362
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jyostna Devi, M., Sinclair, T.R., Vadez, V., Shekoofa, A., Puppala, N. (2019). Strategies to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Peanut and Molecular Markers for Crop Improvement. In: Rajpal, V., Sehgal, D., Kumar, A., Raina, S. (eds) Genomics Assisted Breeding of Crops for Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Vol. II. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 21. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99573-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99573-1_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99572-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99573-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)