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Manipulating Programmed Cell Death Pathways for Enhancing Salinity Tolerance in Crops

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Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2

Abstract

One of the key challenges for researchers is to obtain a deeper understanding of the strategies and mechanisms of plant adaptation to environmental stress that help overcome the limitations associated with climate change and loss of biodiversity. In this context, tolerance to salinity stress is one of the main abiotic factors constraining the plant growth, and production is of special importance. Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a protective role against biotic and abiotic stresses. PCD might play an important role in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis, regulation of cell metabolism, and remodeling of tissues after injury and infection as well as the elimination of damaged cells. Salinity stress induces an alteration in chloroplasts, mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane (PM), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, vesicle formation and trafficking, and vacuoles formation which may result in PCD in plants. The overexpression of pro-survival genes including anti-apoptotic genes and those involved in suppression of apoptosis genes in the transgenic plants to enhance abiotic stress tolerance has been the subject of a number of investigations, particularly in the context of salinity tolerance. Therefore, the development of transformed plants for resistance to apoptosis could be an effective approach to improving salinity tolerance, while the use of complementary techniques like RNA-interfering (RNAi)-mediated gene knockdowns has been shown to be an interesting and appealing alternative. The objective of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on improving salinity tolerance in crop plants through manipulation of PCD pathways.

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Abbreviations

AIF:

Apoptosis-inducing factor

AL-PCD:

Apoptotic-like PCD

ASPP:

Apoptosis-stimulating proteins of p53

ACD:

Autophagic cell death

BAG:

Bcl-2-associated athanogene

Bak:

BCL-2 antagonist/killer-1

Bax:

Bcl-2-associated X protein

Bcl-2:

B-cell lymphoma2

Bcl-xl:

BCL-2-like 1

Ca2+ :

Calcium ion

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FB1:

Fumonisin B1

GORK:

Guard cell outward-rectifying K+ channel

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HR:

Hypersensitivity

IAP:

Inhibitor of apoptosis

K+ :

Potassium ion

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

Mcl-1:

Myeloid cell leukemia-1

Na+ :

Sodium ion

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen

PM:

Plasma membrane

RNAi:

RNA interfering

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

PCD:

Programmed cell death

PLC:

Phospholipase C

SKOR:

Outward-rectifying K+ channel

VPE:

Vacuolar processing enzyme

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

    Ahmad Arzani

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  1. Ahmad Arzani
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Correspondence to Ahmad Arzani .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

    Vinay Kumar

  2. Genetics and Plant Breeding, Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Khudwani, Anantnag, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

  3. Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India

    Penna Suprasanna

  4. Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan

    Lam-Son Phan Tran

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Arzani, A. (2018). Manipulating Programmed Cell Death Pathways for Enhancing Salinity Tolerance in Crops. In: Kumar, V., Wani, S., Suprasanna, P., Tran, LS. (eds) Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90318-7_5

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