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Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to Reduce Falls in Older Adults

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Falls and Cognition in Older Persons

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Abstract

Numerous interrelated factors on the causal pathway to falls in older adults—from gait and balance decline to cognitive dysfunction, depression, and chronic pain—arise at least in part from ineffective and/or inappropriate activation of brain networks. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are two forms of noninvasive brain stimulation capable of selectively modulating the excitability of brain regions of interest and their connected neural networks. While no studies to date have directly examined the effects of tES or TMS interventions on falls in older adults, mounting evidence suggests that each technology holds promise to enhance gait and balance, improve certain aspects of cognitive function, and combat symptoms associated with depression and chronic pain in both aging and disease. This chapter will thus introduce tES and TMS technologies and their application to clinical research in aging, review available literature with potential relevance to falls prevention, and highlight important areas of future research needed to maximize the potential of noninvasive brain stimulation to alleviate the burden of cognitive–motor decline and falls in older adults.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA

    Brad Manor, On-Yee Lo & Junhong Zhou

  2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Brad Manor, On-Yee Lo & Junhong Zhou

  3. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Prabhjot Dhami & Faranak Farzan

  4. Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Prabhjot Dhami & Faranak Farzan

  5. School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada

    Faranak Farzan

  6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Faranak Farzan

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  1. Brad Manor
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  2. On-Yee Lo
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  3. Junhong Zhou
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  4. Prabhjot Dhami
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  5. Faranak Farzan
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Correspondence to Brad Manor .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

    Manuel Montero-Odasso

  2. Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Richard Camicioli

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Manor, B., Lo, OY., Zhou, J., Dhami, P., Farzan, F. (2020). Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to Reduce Falls in Older Adults. In: Montero-Odasso, M., Camicioli, R. (eds) Falls and Cognition in Older Persons. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24233-6_21

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