Abstract
In TG18, the selection of treatment strategy at each severity grade of AC is based on predictive factors, CCI score, and ASA-PS score. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy to treat Grade II (moderate) and Grade III (severe) AC should be performed only at advanced centers and by experienced surgeons, in addition to the conditions described in the TG18 treatment flowcharts. If the patient is not considered suitable for early surgery, TG18 recommends early/urgent biliary drainage followed by delayed surgery once the patient’s overall condition has improved. TG18 treatment flowcharts were aimed at improving the percentage of lives saved by allowing doctors to determine how to safely treat AC through the use of decision-making criteria.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
The committee for the guidelines of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. Clinical practice guidelines for acute cholangitis/cholecystitis based on scientific evidence. Tokyo: Igakutosho-shuppan Ltd; 2005.. (in Japanese)
Balshem H, Helfand M, Schunemann HJ, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:401–6.
Okamoto K, Suzuki K, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Asbun HJ, Endo I, et al. Tokyo guidelines 2018: flowchart for the management of acute cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018;25:58–75.
Yokoe M, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Solomkin JS, Mayumi T, Gomi H, et al. TG13 diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2013;20:35–46.
Yokoe M, Hata J, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Asbun HJ, Wakabayashi G, et al. Tokyo guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018;25:34–47.
Naidu K, Beenen E, Gananadha S, Mosse C. The yield of fever, inflammatory markers and ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis: a validation of the 2013 Tokyo guidelines. World J Surg. 2016;40:2892–7.
Yokoe M, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Solomkin JS, Mayumi T, Gomi H, et al. New diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis in revised Tokyo guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2012;19:578–85.
Hirota M, Takada T, Kawarada Y, Nimura Y, Miura F, Hirata K, et al. Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis: Tokyo guidelines. J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Surg. 2007;14(1):78–82.
Miura F, Okamoto K, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Asbun HJ, Pitt HA, et al. Tokyo guidelines 2018: initial management of acute biliary infection and flowchart for acute cholangitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018;25:48–57.
Gomi H, Solomkin JS, Schlossberg D, Okamoto K, Takada T, Strasberg SM, et al. TG 18: antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018;25:6–19.
Mori Y, Itoi T, Baron TH, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Pitt HA, et al. TG18 management strategies for gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis: updated Tokyo guidelines 2018 (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018;25:76–84.
Iwashita Y, Ohyama T, Honda G, Hibi T, Yoshida M, Miura F, et al. What are the appropriate indicators of surgical difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? Results from a Japan-Korea-Taiwan multinational survey. J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Surg. 2016;23:533–47.
Hibi T, Iwashita Y, Ohyama T, Honda G, Yoshida M, Takada T, et al. The “right” way is not always popular: comparison of surgeons’ perceptions during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis among experts from Japan, Korea and Taiwan. J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Surg. 2017;24:24–32.
Iwashita Y, Hibi T, Ohyama T, Honda G, Yoshida M, Miura F, et al. An opportunity in difficulty: Japan–Korea–Taiwan expert Delphi consensus on surgical difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Surg. 2017;24:191–8.
Iwashita Y, Hibi T, Ohyama T, Umezawa A, Takada T, Strasberg SM, et al. Delphi consensus on bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an evolutionary cul-de-sac or the birth pangs of a new technical framework? J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2017;24:591–602.
Wakabayashi G, Iwashita Y, Hibi T, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Asbun HJ, et al. TG18 surgical management of acute cholecystitis. Safe steps in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. (with video). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018;25:85–98.
Yokoe M, Takada T, Hwang TL, Endo I, Akazawa K, Miura F, et al. Descriptive review of acute cholecystitis: Japan-Taiwan collaborative epidemiological study. J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Surg. 2017;24:319–28.
Yokoe M, Takada T, Hwang TL, Endo I, Akazawa K, Miura F, et al. Validation of TG13 severity grading in acute cholecystitis: Japan-Taiwan collaborative study for acute cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2017;24:338–45.
Endo I, Takada T, Hwang T-L, Akazawa K, Mori R, Miura F, et al. Optimal treatment strategy for acute cholecystitis based on predictive factors: Japan-Taiwan multicenter cohort study. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2017;24:346–61.
Choi JW, Park SH, Choi SY, Kim HS, Kim TH. Comparison of clinical result between early laparoscopic cholecystectomy and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for patients with complicated acute cholecystitis. Korean J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2012;16(4):147–53.
Tanaka M, Komatsubara H, Noguchi D, Ichikawa K, Kouno M, Kondo A, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis. JJBA. 2016;30:667–72. (in Japanese with English abstract).
El-Gendi A, El-Shafei M, Emara D. Emergency versus delayed cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in grade II acute cholecystitis patients. J Gastrointest Surg. 2017;21:284–93.
Karakayali FY, Akdur A, Kirnap M, Harman A, Ekici Y, Moray G. Emergency cholecystectomy vs percutaneous cholecystostomy plus delayed cholecystectomy for patients with acute cholecystitis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2014;13(3):316–22.
Whitcomb DC. Acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2142–50.
Kingsnorth A, O’Reilly D. Acute pancreatitis. BMJ. 2006;332:1072–6.
da Costa DW, Bouwense SA, Schepers NJ, Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, van Brunschot S, Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group, et al. Same-admission versus interval cholecystectomy for mild gallstone pancreatitis (PONCHO): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386:1261–8.
Ragnarsson T, Andersson R, Ansari D, Persson U, Andersson B. Acute biliary pancreatitis: focus on recurrence rate and costs when current guidelines are not complied. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(3):264–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Okamoto, K., Takada, T. (2020). Choosing the Best Timing for Cholecystectomy. In: Asbun, H., Shah, M., Ceppa, E., Auyang, E. (eds) The SAGES Manual of Biliary Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13276-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13276-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-13275-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-13276-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)