Abstract
Based on performance record, varieties with a reputation for possessing durable blast resistance can be identified from breeding programs. For most of these varieties, a combination of major resistance genes and multiple QTL appears to be the underlying genetic basis for durability. Despite this seemingly simple observation, re-creating genotypes with durable resistance and proper agronomic characteristics remains challenging in breeding. We suggest that genetic mapping, saturation mutagenesis, and transcriptome analysis can together provide a genomewide view of the essential regions for disease resistance, enabling the creation and selection of desirable gene combinations. We further propose actions needed to sustain breeding for durable resistance. These include (a) develop breeding-ready near-isogenic lines for important major resistance (R) genes and QTL, (b) improve knowledge of neck blast through better screening and genetic analysis, (c) promote exchange of breeding materials between countries for evaluation and validation of durable resistance, and (d) resume monitoring of blast pathogen populations with functional diagnostic markers. International collaboration as well as enhanced linkages within countries are much needed to implement these actions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bai, J., Pennill, L.A., Ning, J., Lee, S.W., Ramalingam, J., Webb, C.A., Zhao, B., Sun, Q., Nelson, J.C., Leach, J.E., & Hulbert, S.H. (2002). Diversity in nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat genes in cereals. Genome Res, 12, 1871–1884.
Bohnert, H.U., Fudal, I., Dioh, W., Tharreau, D., Notteghem, J.L., & Lebrum, M.H. (2004). A putative polyketide synthase/peptide synthetase from Magnaporthe grisea signals pathogen attack to resistant rice. Plant Cell, 16, 2499–2513
Correa-Victoria, F.J., Tharreau, D., Martinez, C., Vales, M., Escobar, F., Prado, G., & Aricapa, G. (2004). Studies on the rice blast pathogen, resistance genes, and implication for breeding for durable blast resistance in Colombia. In Shinji Kawasaki (Ed.), Rice Blast: Interaction with Rice and Control (pp. 215–227). Dodrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Fukuoka, S. & Okuno, K. (2001). QTL analysis and mapping of pi21, a recessive gene for field resistance to rice blast in Japanese upland rice. Theor Appl Genet, 103, 185–190.
Fukuta, Y., Vera Cruz, C.M., & Kobayashi, N. (2007). A differential system for blast resistance for stable rice production environment. In JIRCAS (Ed.) Working Report No. 53. JIRCAS, Tsukuba, Japan.
Gong J, Waner, D., Horie, T., Lun, S., Li, R., Horie, K., & Abid, J.S. (2004). Microarray-based rapid cloning of an ion accumulation deletion mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, 15404–15409.
Jeung, J.U., Kim, B.R., Cho, Y.C., Han, S.S., Moon, H.P., Lee, Y.T., & Jena, K.K. (2007). A novel gene, Pi40(t), linked to the DNA markers derived from NBS-LRR motifs confers broad spectrum of blast resistance in rice. Theor Appl Gen, 115, 1163–1177.
Jia, Y., McAdams, S.A., Bryan, G.T., Hershey, H.P., & Valent, B. (2000). Direct interaction of resistance gene and avirulence gene products confers rice blast resistance. EMBO J, 19,4004–4014.
Johnson, R. (1981). Durable resistance: definition of, genetic control, and attainment in plant breeding. Phytopathology, 71, 567–568.
Johnson, R. (1984). A critical analysis of durable resistance. Ann Rev Phytopathol, 22, 309–330
Kobayashi, N., Yanoria, M.J.T., & Fukuta, Y. (2007). Differential varieties bred at IRRI and virulence analysis of blast isolates from the Philippines. In Fukuta, Y., Vera Cruz, C.M. & Kobayashi, N. (Eds.), A Differential System for Blast Resistance for Stable Rice Production Environment. JIRCAS Working Report No. 53. JIRCAS, Tsukuba, Japan.
Koizumi, S. (2007). Durability of resistance to rice blast disease. In: Fukuta, Y., Vera Cruz, C.M., & Kobayashi, N.(Eds.), A Differential System for Blast Resistance for Stable Rice Production Environment. JIRCAS Working Report No. 53. JIRCAS, Tsukuba, Japan.
Leach, J.E., VeraCruz, C.M., Bai, J., & Leung, H. (2001). Pathogen fitness penalty as a predictor of durability of disease resistance genes. Ann Rev Phytopathol, 39, 187–224.
Leung, H. (2008). Stressed genomics—bringing relief to rice fields. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 11, 201–208.
Liu, B. (2001). Identification of candidate genes associated with durable resistance to blast in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and marker-assisted selection. South China Agricultural University (Ph D thesis).
Liu, B., Zhang, S., Zhu, X., Yang, Q., Wu, S., Mei, M., Mauleon, R., Leach, J.E., Mew, T., & Leung, H. (2004). Candidate defense genes as predictors of quantitative blast resistance in rice. Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 17(10), 1146–1152.
Marchetti, M.A. & Bonman, J.M. (1989). Rice blast disease management. Rice Farming Systems: New Directions (pp. 175–184). IRRI: International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines.
Peng, S.Q., Huang, F.Y., Sun, G.C., Liu, E.M., Sun, Y.J., Ai, R.X., Zhao, J.X., Bai, S.Z., & Xiao, F.H. (1996). Studied on durable resistance to blast disease in different latitudes for rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 29, 52–58 (in Chinese with English summary).
Qu, S., Liu, G., Zhou, B., Bellizzi, M., Zeng, L., Dai, L., Han, B., & Wang, G.L. (2006). The broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi9 encodes a nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat protein and is a member of a multigene family in rice. Genetics, 172, 1901–1914.
Sallaud, C., Lorieux, M., Roumen, E., Tharreau, D., Berruyer, R., Svestasrani, P., Garsmeur, O., Ghesquière, A., & Notteghem, J.L. (2003). Identification of five new blast resistance genes in the highly blast-resistant rice variety IR64 using a QTL mapping strategy. Theor Appl Genet, 106, 794–803
Terauchi, R.B, Nasir, K.H., Ito, A., Saitoh, H., Berberich, T., & Takahashi, Y. (2005). High-throughput functional screening of plant and pathogen genes in planta. Plant Biotechnol, 22, 455–459.
Vera Cruz, C.M., Bai, J., Ona, I., Leung, H., Nelson, R.J., Mew, T., & Leach, J.E. (2000). Predicting durability of a disease resistance gene based on an assessment of the fitness loss and epidemiological consequences of avirulence gene mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97, 13500–13505.
Wang, G.L., Mackill, D.J., Bonman, J.M., McCouch, S.R., Champoux, M.C., & Nelson, R.J. (1994). RFLP mapping of genes conferring complete and partial resistance to blast in a durably resistant rice cultivar. Genetics, 136, 1421–1434.
Wisser, R.J., Sun, Q., Hulbert, S.H., Kresovich, S., & Nelson, R.J. (2005). Identification and characterization of regions of the rice genome associated with broad-spectrum, quantitative disease resistance. Genetics, 169, 2277–2293.
Wu, J.L, Zhuang, J.Y., Fan, Y.Y., Li, D.B., Leung, H., & Zheng, K.L. (1999). Effectiveness of a resistance gene from Gumei 2 against leaf and neck blast under field conditions in China. Rice Genet Newsl, 16, 90–92.
Wu, J.L. (2000). Gene mapping and candidate gene profiling to accumulate blast resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Zhejiang University (Ph.D. thesis).
Wu, J.L., Sinha, P.K., Variar, M., Zheng, K.L., Leach, J.E., Courtois, B., & Leung, H. (2004). Association between molecular markers and blast resistance in an advanced backcross population of rice. Theor Appl Genet, 108, 1024–1032.
Wu, J.L., Fan, Y.Y., Li, D.B., Zheng, K.L., Leung, H., & Zhuang, J.Y. (2005). Genetic control of rice blast resistance in the durably resistant cultivar Gumei 2 against multiple isolates. Theor Appl Genet, 111, 50–56.
Zhou, B., Qu, S., Liu, G., Dolan, M., Sakai, H., Lu, G., Bellizzi, M., Wang, G.L. (2006). The eight amino-acid differences within three leucine-rich repeats between Pi2 and Piz-t resistance proteins determine the resistance specificity to Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 19, 1216–1228.
Zhou, E., Jia, Y., Singh, P., Correll, J.C., & Lee, F.N. (2007). Instability of the Magnaporthe Oryzae avirulence gene AVR-Pita alters virulence. Fungal Genet Biol, 44, 1024–1034.
Zhu, X., Yang, Q., Liu, B., Zhang, S., & Wu, S. (2003). Characterization of blast resistance of Sanhuanzhan 2 and its derived varieties. Guangdong Agric Sci, 2, 37–40 (in Chinese).
Zhu, X, Yang, Q., Huo, C., & Wu, S. (1996). Studies on the qualitative and quantitative resistance of rive cultivars to blast disease. Chinese J Rice Sci, 10(3), 181–184 (in Chinese with English summary).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Liuv, B. et al. (2009). What it Takes to Achieve Durable Resistance to Rice Blast?. In: Wang, GL., Valent, B. (eds) Advances in Genetics, Genomics and Control of Rice Blast Disease. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9500-9_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9500-9_37
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-9499-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-9500-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)