An Overview of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Sorghum Towards Heavy Metal Stress

Mishra, Dewanshi; Kumar, Smita; Mishra, Bhartendu Nath

doi:10.1007/398_2020_61

Dewanshi Mishra⁸^na1,
Smita Kumar⁹^na1 &
Bhartendu Nath Mishra⁸^na1

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 256))

880 Accesses
2 Citations

Abstract

Heavy metal (HM) contamination is a serious global environmental crisis. Over the past decade, industrial effluents, modern agricultural practices, and other anthropogenic activities have significantly depleted the soil environment. In plants, metal toxicity leads to compromised growth, development, productivity, and yield. Also, HMs negatively affect human health due to food chain contamination. Thus, it is imperative to reduce metal accumulation and toxicity. In nature, certain plant species exhibit an inherent capacity of amassing large amounts of HMs with remarkable tolerance. These plants with unique characteristics can be employed for the remediation of contaminated soil and water. Among different plant species, Sorghum bicolor has the potential of accumulating huge amounts of HMs, thus could be regarded as a hyperaccumulator. This means that it is a metal tolerant, high biomass producing energy crop, and thus can be utilized for phytoremediation. However, high concentrations of HMs hamper plant height, root hair density, shoot biomass, number of leaves, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and carbohydrate content. Thus, understanding the response of Sorghum towards different HMs holds considerable importance. Considering this, we have uncovered the basic information about the metal uptake, translocation, and accumulation in Sorghum. Plants respond to different HMs via sensing, signaling, and modulations in physico-chemical processes. Therefore, in this review, a glimpse of HM toxicity and the response of Sorghum at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels has been provided. The review highlights the future research needs and emphasizes the extensive molecular dissection of Sorghum to explore its genetic adaptability towards different abiotic stresses that can be exploited to develop resilient crop varieties.

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Abbreviations

ACP:: Acid phosphatase
APX:: Ascorbate peroxidase
CAT:: Catalase
CAX:: Cation exchanger
CDF:: Cation diffusion facilitator
CTR:: Copper transporter
DHA:: Dehydroascorbic acid
DHAR:: Dehydroascorbate reductase
GR:: Glutathione reductase
GSH:: Glutathione
GSSG:: Glutathione disulfide
HM:: Heavy metal
MDA:: Malondialdehyde
MDHAR:: Mono-dehydroascorbate reductase
POX:: Peroxidase
QTL:: Quantitative trait locus
ROS:: Reactive oxygen species
SOD:: Superoxide dismutase
ZIP:: Zinc-iron permease

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Acknowledgments

SK thankfully acknowledges the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi, India for the Research Scientist Scheme. DM and BNM acknowledge the Institute of Engineering and Technology, APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, India for the infrastructure and facilities.

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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Dewanshi Mishra and Smita Kumar contributed equally to this work.

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Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Dewanshi Mishra & Bhartendu Nath Mishra
Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Smita Kumar

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Dewanshi Mishra
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Smita Kumar
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Bhartendu Nath Mishra
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University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Pim de Voogt

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Mishra, D., Kumar, S., Mishra, B.N. (2020). An Overview of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Sorghum Towards Heavy Metal Stress. In: de Voogt, P. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 256. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 256. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2020_61

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2020_61
Published: 19 April 2021
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-88139-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-88140-5
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