Skip to main content

Rare Fungal Infections in Asia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Clinical Practice of Medical Mycology in Asia

Abstract

The etiologic agents, underlying diseases, the disease spectrum, the successful treatment of rare infections from true fungi and fungal-like microbes in Asian countries including the surveillance data of minimum inhibitory concentrations were summarized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chander J, Singla N, Kaur M, Punia RS, Attri A, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, et al. Saksenaea erythrospora, an emerging mucoralean fungus causing severe necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections—a study from a tertiary care hospital in north India. Infect Dis (Lond). 2017;49(3):170–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Skiada A, Pavleas I, Drogari-Apiranthitou M. Rare fungal infectious agents: a lurking enemy. F1000Res. 2017;6:1917.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Tap RM, Ramli NY, Sabaratnam P, Hashim R, Bakri AR, Bee LB, et al. First two cases of fungal infections associated with multi-drug resistant yeast, Fereydounia khargensis. Mycopathologia. 2016;181(7–8):531–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Jung J, Moon YS, Yoo JA, Lim JH, Jeong J, Jun JB. Investigation of a nosocomial outbreak of fungemia caused by Candida pelliculosa (Pichia anomala) in a Korean tertiary care center. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2018;51(6):794–801.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Chakrabarti A, Singh K, Narang A, Singhi S, Batra R, Rao KL, et al. Outbreak of Pichia anomala infection in the pediatric service of a tertiary-care center in Northern India. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39(5):1702–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Wu Y, Wang J, Li W, Jia H, Che J, Lu J, et al. Pichia fabianii blood infection in a premature infant in China: case report. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6:77.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Shang ST, Lin JC, Ho SJ, Yang YS, Chang FY, Wang NC. The emerging life-threatening opportunistic fungal pathogen Kodamaea ohmeri: optimal treatment and literature review. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2010;43(3):200–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. de Almeida Junior JN, Hennequin C. Invasive Trichosporon infection: a systematic review on a re-emerging fungal pathogen. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:1629.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Davies GE, Thornton CR. Differentiation of the emerging human pathogens Trichosporon asahii and Trichosporon asteroides from other pathogenic yeasts and moulds by using species-specific monoclonal antibodies. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e84789.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Al-Mahmeed M, Khan ZU, Ahmad S, Chehadeh W. Antifungal susceptibility profile of clinical Trichosporon asahii and Trichosporon asteroides isolates identified by molecular methods. J Chemother. 2009;21(3):360–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lemes RM, Lyon JP, Moreira LM, de Resende MA. Antifungal susceptibility profile of Trichosporon isolates: correlation between CLSI and etest methodologies. Braz J Microbiol. 2010;41(2):310–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Mitomo H, Sakurada A, Matsuda Y, Notsuda H, Watanabe T, Oishi H, et al. Endobronchial topical amphotericin B instillation for pulmonary chromomycosis after lung transplantation: a case report. Transplant Proc. 2018;50(3):939–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Navanukroh O, Jitmuang A, Chayakulkeeree M, Ngamskulrungroj P. Disseminated Cunninghamella bertholletiae infection with spinal epidural abscess in a kidney transplant patient: case report and literature review. Transpl Infect Dis. 2014;16(4):658–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Su YY, Chang TY, Wang CJ, Jaing TH, Hsueh C, Chiu CH, et al. Disseminated Cunninghamella bertholletiae infection during induction chemotherapy in a girl with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Neonatol. 2016;57(6):531–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Varshney S, Gupta P, Bist SS, Bhagat S. Conidiobolus coronatus granuloma of the right inferior turbinate: a rare presentation. Ear Nose Throat J. 2015;94(4–5):E32–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Petrikkos G, Skiada A, Lortholary O, Roilides E, Walsh TJ, Kontoyiannis DP. Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(Suppl 1):S23–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Gupta E, Verma U, Lal P, Gupta PC, Prakash P. Post tooth extraction necrotising fasciitis and rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a diabetic patient. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2018;7(7).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Worasilchai N, Permpalung N, Chongsathidkiet P, Leelahavanichkul A, Mendoza AL, Palaga T, et al. Monitoring anti-pythium insidiosum IgG antibodies and (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan in vascular pythiosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(8).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Agarwal S, Iyer G, Srinivasan B, Agarwal M, Panchalam Sampath Kumar S, Therese LK. Clinical profile of pythium keratitis: perioperative measures to reduce risk of recurrence. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(2):153–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. He H, Liu H, Chen X, Wu J, He M, Zhong X. Diagnosis and treatment of pythium insidiosum corneal ulcer in a chinese child: a case report and literature review. Am J Case Rep. 2016;17:982–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Rathi A, Chakrabarti A, Agarwal T, Pushker N, Patil M, Kamble H, et al. Pythium keratitis leading to fatal cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis. Cornea. 2018;37(4):519–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Chindamporn A, Chakrabarti A, Li R, Sun PL, Tan BH, Chua M, et al. Survey of laboratory practices for diagnosis of fungal infection in seven Asian countries: an Asia Fungal Working Group (AFWG) initiative. Med Mycol. 2018;56(4):416–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Janagond A, Krishnan KM, Kindo AJ, Sumathi G. Trichosporon inkin, an unusual agent of fungal sinusitis: a report from south India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2012;30(2):229–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Tendolkar U, Shinde A, Baveja S, Dhurat R, Phiske M. Trichosporon inkin and Trichosporon mucoides as unusual causes of white piedra of scalp hair. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2014;80(4):324–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Xiaoxi X, Yaling D, Kaiwen Z, Xin R, Pradhan S, Yuping R. Trichosporon inkin causing subcutaneous sinus tract: Successfully treated by oral and ultrasound-guided intralesional itraconazole therapy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2017;83(4):506–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Duggal S, Jain H, Tyagi A, Sharma A, Chugh TD. Rhodotorula fungemia: two cases and a brief review. Med Mycol. 2011;49(8):879–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Roy U, Jessani LG, Rudramurthy SM, Gopalakrishnan R, Dutta S, Chakravarty C, et al. Seven cases of Saccharomyces fungaemia related to use of probiotics. Mycoses. 2017;60(6):375–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sipsas N, Kontoyiannis DP. Trichosporon species and Blastoschizomyces capitatus. 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Gao GX, Tang HL, Zhang X, Xin XL, Feng J, Chen XQ. Invasive fungal infection caused by geotrichum capitatum in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case study and literature review. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(8):14228–35.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Brunetti G, Visconti V, Ghezzi MC, Mantovani S, Ferretti G, Raponi G. Management and treatment of Magnusiomyces capitatus (Geotrichum capitatum) pleural infection in a non-neutropenic patient with posaconazole. A new therapeutic opportunity? New Microbiol. 2016;39(4):307–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Subramanya Supram H, Gokhale S, Chakrabarti A, Rudramurthy SM, Gupta S, Honnavar P. Emergence of Magnusiomyces capitatus infections in Western Nepal. Med Mycol. 2016;54(2):103–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Hsiao CH, Yeh LK, Chen HC, Lin HC, Chen PY, Ma DH, et al. Clinical characteristics of alternaria keratitis. J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:536985.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Chhabra V, Rastogi S, Barua M, Kumar S. Alternaria alternata infection associated osteomyelitis of maxilla: a rare disease entity. Indian J Dent Res. 2013;24(5):639–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Chowdhary A, Agarwal K, Randhawa HS, Kathuria S, Gaur SN, Najafzadeh MJ, et al. A rare case of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis caused by Alternaria alternata. Med Mycol. 2012;50(8):890–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Mirhendi H, Fatemi MJ, Bateni H, Hajabdolbaghi M, Geramishoar M, Ahmadi B, et al. First case of disseminated phaeohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent individual due to Alternaria malorum. Med Mycol. 2013;51(2):196–202.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Mohd Tap R, Sabaratnam P, Ahmad NA, Abd Razak MF, Hashim R, Ahmad N. Chaetomium globosum cutaneous fungal infection confirmed by molecular identification: a case report from Malaysia. Mycopathologia. 2015;180(1–2):137–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kuboi T, Okazaki K, Inotani M, Sugino M, Sadamura T, Nakano A, et al. A case of cutaneous Paecilomyces formosus infection in an extremely premature infant. J Infect Chemother. 2016;22(5):339–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Sharma S, Capoor MR, Singh M, Kiran D, Mandal AK. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by pyrenochaeta romeroi in a rheumatoid arthritis patient: a case report with review of the literature. Mycopathologia. 2016;181(9–10):735–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Kim CM, Lim SC, Kim J, Jang HS, Chung JH, Yun NR, et al. Tenosynovitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum infection misdiagnosed as an Alternaria species: a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):72.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Rynga D, Capoor MR, Varshney S, Naik M, Gupta V. Scedosporium apiospermum, an emerging pathogen in India: case series and review of literature. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2017;60(4):550–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Ishii S, Hiruma M, Hayakawa Y, Sugita T, Makimura K, Hiruma M, et al. Cutaneous Pseudallescheria boydii/Scedosporium apiospermum complex (molecular type: Scedosporium apiospermum [Clade 4]) infection: a case report and literature review of cases from Japan. Med Mycol J. 2015;56(4):E25–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Fadzillah MT, Ishak SR, Ibrahim M. Refractory Scedosporium apiospermum keratitis successfully treated with combination of amphotericin B and voriconazole. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med. 2013;2013:413953.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Yoon S, Kim S, Lee KA, Kim H. [A case of Scedosporium apiospermum keratitis confirmed by a molecular genetic method]. Korean J Lab Med. 2008;28(4):307–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Pastor FJ, Guarro J. Alternaria infections: laboratory diagnosis and relevant clinical features. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14(8):734–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Borman AM, Fraser M, Palmer MD, Szekely A, Houldsworth M, Patterson Z, et al. MIC distributions and evaluation of fungicidal activity for amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and caspofungin and 20 species of pathogenic filamentous fungi determined using the CLSI broth microdilution method. J Fungi (Basel). 2017;3(2).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Serena C, Ortoneda M, Capilla J, Pastor FJ, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG, et al. In vitro activities of new antifungal agents against Chaetomium spp. and inoculum standardization. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47(10):3161–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Katragkou A, Pana ZD, Perlin DS, Kontoyiannis DP, Walsh TJ, Roilides E. Exserohilum infections: review of 48 cases before the 2012 United States outbreak. Med Mycol. 2014;52(4):376–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Castelli MV, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Cuesta I, Monzon A, Mellado E, Rodriguez-Tudela JL, et al. Susceptibility testing and molecular classification of Paecilomyces spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52(8):2926–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Badali H, Chander J, Gulati N, Attri A, Chopra R, Najafzadeh MJ, et al. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by Pyrenochaeta romeroi. Med Mycol. 2010;48(5):763–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Lackner M, de Hoog GS, Verweij PE, Najafzadeh MJ, Curfs-Breuker I, Klaassen CH, et al. Species-specific antifungal susceptibility patterns of Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56(5):2635–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Bhalla S, Srivastava VK, Gupta RK. Rhinofacial entomophthoramycosis: a rare fungal infection in an adolescent boy. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2015;58(3):402–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Hirano T, Yamada M, Sato K, Murakami K, Tamai T, Mitsuhashi Y, et al. Invasive pulmonary mucormycosis: rare presentation with pulmonary eosinophilia. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17(1):76.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Kimura M, Yaguchi T, Sutton DA, Fothergill AW, Thompson EH, Wickes BL. Disseminated human conidiobolomycosis due to Conidiobolus lamprauges. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(2):752–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Ota H, Yamamoto H, Kimura M, Araoka H, Fujii T, Umeyama T, et al. Successful treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae with high-dose liposomal amphotericin B (10 mg/kg/day) followed by a lobectomy in cord blood transplant recipients. Mycopathologia. 2017;182(9–10):847–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Wang SB, Li RY, Yu J. Identification and susceptibility of Rhizomucor spp. isolated from patients with cutaneous zygomycosis in China. Med Mycol. 2011;49(8):799–805.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Gomez-Lopez A, Cuenca-Estrella M, Monzon A, Rodriguez-Tudela JL. In vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of Zygomycota to amphotericin B, flucytosine, itraconazole and voriconazole. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001;48(6):919–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Reinprayoon U, Permpalung N, Kasetsuwan N, Plongla R, Mendoza L, Chindamporn A. Lagenidium sp. ocular infection mimicking ocular pythiosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(8):2778–80.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Kim JE, Oh TH, Lee KH, Shin JH, Jung SI. Successful treatment of protothecal tenosynovitis in an immunocompetent patient using amphotericin B deoxycholate. Infect Chemother. 2017;49(4):293–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Wang F, Feng P, Lin Y, Chen X, Xu D, Wang Z, et al. Human cutaneous protothecosis: a case report and review of cases from Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Mycopathologia. 2018;183(5):821–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Permpalung N, Worasilchai N, Plongla R, Upala S, Sanguankeo A, Paitoonpong L, et al. Treatment outcomes of surgery, antifungal therapy and immunotherapy in ocular and vascular human pythiosis: a retrospective study of 18 patients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(6):1885–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Das S, Kashyap B, Barua M, Gupta N, Saha R, Vaid L, et al. Nasal rhinosporidiosis in humans: new interpretations and a review of the literature of this enigmatic disease. Med Mycol. 2011;49(3):311–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Narayana Kurup JK, Singasani R, Mohanty SP. Rare case of disseminated rhinosporidiosis with chronic osteomyelitis of the calcaneum treated by a simple technique of negative pressure wound therapy. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Kaushal S, Mathur SR, Mallick SR, Ramam M. Disseminated cutaneous, laryngeal, nasopharyngeal, and recurrent obstructive nasal rhinosporidiosis in an immunocompetent adult: a case report and review of literature. Int J Dermatol. 2011;50(3):340–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Kalamkar C, Mukherjee A. Bilateral conjunctival rhinosporidiosis in a paediatric patient. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(9):NL01–NL2.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Ahn A, Choe YJ, Chang J, Kim D, Sung H, Kim MN, et al. Chronic eosinophilic meningoencephalitis by Prototheca wickerhamii in an immunocompetent boy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36(7):687–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chindamporn, A., Worasilchai, N. (2020). Rare Fungal Infections in Asia. In: Chakrabarti, A. (eds) Clinical Practice of Medical Mycology in Asia. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9459-1_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9459-1_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-9458-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-9459-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics