Abstract
Reusable adaptation specifications for adaptive behaviour has come to the forefront of adaptive research recently, with EU projects such as GRAPPLE1, and PhD research efforts on designing an adaptation language for learning style specification [1]. However, this was not the case five years ago, when an adaptation language for adaptive hypermedia (LAG) was first proposed. This paper describes the general lessons learnt during the last five years in designing, implementing and using an adaptation language, as well as the changes that the language has undergone in order to better fulfil its goal of combining a high level of semantics with simplicity, portability as well as being flexible. Besides discussing these changes based on some sample strategies, this paper also presents a novel authoring environment for the programming-savvy adaptation author, that applies feedback accumulated during various evaluation sessions with the previous set of tools, and its first evaluation with programming experts.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Stash, N.: Incorporating Cognitive/Learning Styles in a General-Purpose Adaptive Hypermedia System, PhD. Thesis. Eindhoven Univ. of Technol., The Netherlands (2007)
Rich, E.: User modeling via stereotypes. Cognitive Science 3(4), 329–354 (1979)
Brusilovsky, P.: Methods and techniques of adaptive hypermedia. Journal of User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction 6(2-3), 87–129 (1996)
Brusilovsky, P.: Developing adaptive educational hypermedia systems: From design models to authoring tools. In: Murray, T., et al. (eds.) Authoring Tools for Advanced Technology Learning Environment, pp. 377–409. Kluwer Acad. Publishers, Dordrecht (2003)
Berlanga, A., et al.: Modelling adaptive navigation support techniques using the IMS learning design specification, Hypertext, Salzburg, Austria, pp. 148–150 (2005)
Cannataro, M., et al.: Modeling Adaptive Hypermedia with an Object-Oriented Approach and XML. In: Proc. of WebDyn 2002, Honolulu, Hawaii (May 2002)
Ceri, S., et al.: Web Modeling Language (WebML): a modeling language for designing Web sites. Computer Networks 33(1-6), 137–157 (2000)
Cristea, A., De Mooij, A.: LAOS: Layered WWW AHS Authoring Model and their corresponding Algebraic Operators. In: WWW 2003, Budapest, Hungary (2003)
Koch, N., Wirsing, M.: Software Engineering for Adaptive Hypermedia Applications? In: AH workshop at UM 2001, Sonthofen, Germany, July 13-17 (2001)
Specht, M., Burgos, D.: Modeling Adaptive Educational Methods with IMS Learning Design. Journal of Interactive Media in Education (2007)
Cristea, A.I., et al.: Towards a generic adaptive hypermedia platform: a conversion case study. J. of Digital Info. (JoDI), Spec. Iss. on Personalis. of Comp. & Services 8(3) (2007)
Cristea, A.I.C., Stewart, C.D.: Automatic Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia. In: Ma, Z. (ed.) Web-based Intelligent E-Learning Systems: Technologies and Applications, pp. 24–55. Info. Science Publishing (IDEA group) (2006)
Ohene-Djan, J.: A Formal Approach to Personalisable, Adaptive Hyperlink-Based Interaction. PhD thesis, Dept. of Computing, Goldsmiths College, Univ. of London (2000)
Stash, N., et al.: Adaptation languages as vehicles of explicit intelligence in Adaptive Hypermedia. IJCEEL journal 17(4/5), 319–336 (2007)
Cristea, A.I., Verschoor, M.: The LAG Grammar for Authoring the Adaptive Web. In: ITCC 2004, Las Vegas, US. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2004)
Stash, N., et al.: Adaptation to Learning Styles in E-Learning: Approach Evaluation. In: Proceedings of E-Learn 2006 Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii (2006)
Cristea, A.I., Calvi, L.: The three Layers of Adaptation Granularity. In: Brusilovsky, P., Corbett, A.T., de Rosis, F. (eds.) UM 2003. LNCS, vol. 2702. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
De Bra, P., et al.: The Design of AHA! In: Proceedings of the ACM Hypertext Conference, Odense, Denmark, August 23-25, p. 133 (2006)
Cristea, A.I.: Adaptive Course Creation for All. In: ITCC 2004 (International Conference on Information Technology), Las Vegas, US, April 2004. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2004)
Hendrix, M., et al.: Defining adaptation in a generic multi layer model: CAM: The GRAPPLE Conceptual Adaptation Model, ECTEL (2008)
Hendrix, M., Cristea, A.: A meta level to LAG for Adaptation Language re-use. In: A3H: 6th Int. A3H, AH 2008. Hannover, Germany (2008)
Nielsen, J.: Usability Engineering, p. 165. Academic Press Inc., London (1994)
Alexander, C.: A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. Oxford University Press, USA (1977)
Dolog, P., et al.: The Personal Reader: Personalizing and Enriching Learning Resources using Semantic Web Technologies. In: De Bra, P.M.E., Nejdl, W. (eds.) AH 2004. LNCS, vol. 3137, pp. 85–94. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Eklund, J., Brusilovsky, P.: InterBook: An Adaptive Tutoring System UniServe Science News, March 1999, vol. 12, pp. 8–13 (1999)
Moore, A., et al.: WHURLE - an adaptive remote learning framework. In: ICEE 2003, Valencia, Spain, July 22-26 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cristea, A.I., Smits, D., Bevan, J., Hendrix, M. (2009). LAG 2.0: Refining a Reusable Adaptation Language and Improving on Its Authoring. In: Cress, U., Dimitrova, V., Specht, M. (eds) Learning in the Synergy of Multiple Disciplines. EC-TEL 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5794. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04636-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04636-0_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-04635-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-04636-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)