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An Agroecological Strategy for Adapting to Climate Change: The System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

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Sustainable Solutions for Food Security

Abstract

Farmers around the world have to cope with the adverse effects of climate change in their efforts to provide food security for themselves and their families and, to the extent possible, for others. Agricultural production methods developed for less-challenging and more-predictable climatic conditions need to be rethought and revised. The ideas and methods that constitute the system of rice intensification (SRI) developed in Madagascar, and now being extrapolated to other crops beyond rice, are enabling farmers to get more production from their available resources by making reductions in seed, water, and agrochemical inputs. Fortuitously, SRI crops are also more resistant and resilient to the hazards of climate change. When SRI methods are used in irrigated rice production, there is also a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The main factors that are contributing to SRI crops’ ability to adapt to and mitigate climate-change effects are the enhancement of the growth and functioning of their root systems and at the same time the abundance and diversity of life forms enhanced in the soil by SRI management. Root systems and the soil biota were both ignored by Green Revolution technology. This chapter reviews what is known about SRI as an agroecological approach to enhancing food security under climate-stressed conditions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    It can also be noted that this innovation goes contrary to various academic, institutional and commercial interests, but we leave consideration of this issue to others.

  2. 2.

    A matrix for scaling SRI practice as a matter of degree is proposed in Table 2 of Wu and Uphoff (2015).

  3. 3.

    On spread among and within countries, see SRI-Rice website: http://sri.cals.cornell.edu/countries/; also websites of the World Bank (http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/ library/245848/), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (http://www.ifad.org/english/sri/), and IICA, the Inter-American Institute for Agricultural Cooperation (http://www.iica.int/en/press/news/sri-advancing-latin-america-help-address-climate-change). See endorsement of SRI by FAO (2015) and an earlier one by NGOs Africare, Oxfam America, and Worldwide Fund for Nature (Africare/Oxfam America/WWF 2010). In 2002, Prof. Yuan Long-ping, known as “the father of hybrid rice,” hosted the first international conference on SRI at his research station in Sanya, China (Yuan 2002).

  4. 4.

    See listing of over 1000 published articles at http://sri.cals.cornell.edu/research/JournalArticles.html. The most conclusive evaluation has been a meta-analysis of Chinese researchers’ published studies comparing SRI methods with what they considered as the best management practices (Wu and Uphoff 2015). The analysis showed SRI methods giving a yield advantage of 10–30%. The wide range reflected differences in how many of the recommended SRI methods were used in each trial, and the extent to which they were used as recommended. When using just a few of the recommended practices, there was a 4% yield disadvantage in the trials evaluated, which indicated that synergy among practices is an important element in SRI impact.

  5. 5.

    A similar effect is reported by researchers at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) evaluating System of Wheat Intensifications (SWI) methods against IARI recommended practices for wheat over two rabi seasons. The SWI yield advantage in 2011–2012, with typical weather, was 30%; in 2012–2013 when there were unusually high temperatures and then flooding, the advantage of SWI was 46% (Dhar et al. 2015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SRI International Network and Resources Center (SRI-Rice), International Programs, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Norman Uphoff

  2. Government and International Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Norman Uphoff

  3. ICAR–Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Amod K. Thakur

Authors
  1. Norman Uphoff
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  2. Amod K. Thakur
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Correspondence to Norman Uphoff .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St Johns, NL, Canada

    Atanu Sarkar

  2. KPMG, New Delhi, India

    Suman Ranjan Sensarma

  3. School of Environmental Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada

    Gary W. vanLoon

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Uphoff, N., Thakur, A.K. (2019). An Agroecological Strategy for Adapting to Climate Change: The System of Rice Intensification (SRI). In: Sarkar, A., Sensarma, S., vanLoon, G. (eds) Sustainable Solutions for Food Security . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77878-5_12

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