Abstract
Following drug preexposure, rats were given taste aversion conditioning in either the preexposure environment or the home cage. For animals preexposed to LiCl, only the subjects conditioned in the preexposure environment showed the typical UCS preexposure effect, that is, an attenuated aversion, an effect consistent with a blocking interpretation of the LiCl-induced preexposure effect. On the other hand, all rats preexposed to morphine displayed attenuated aversions, independent of the preexposure and conditioning environments, an effect consistent with a pharmacological tolerance explanation of the UCS preexposure effect to morphine. The specific mechanism underlying the drug-induced attenuation appears to be drug-dependent.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Reference Notes
Zellner, D., & Riley, A.Narcotic-induced conditioned taste aversion: A comparison among morphine, LAAM, and methadone. Unpublished manuscript available upon request from the authors.
References
Amit, Z., Levitan, D. E., Brown, Z. W., &Rogan, F. Possible involvement of central factors in the mediation of conditioned aversion.Neuropharmacology, 1977,16, 121–124.
Batson, J. D., &Best, P. J. Drug-preexposure effects in flavor-aversion learning: Associative interference by conditioned environmental stimuli.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1979,5, 273–283.
Braveman, N. S. What studies on pre-exposure to pharmacological agents tell us about the nature of the aversion-inducing agent. In L. M. Barker, M. E. Best, & M. Domjan (Eds.),Learning mechanisms in food selection. Waco, Tex: Baylor University Press, 1977.
Braveman, N. S. The role of blocking and compensatory conditioning in the treatment pre-exposure effect.Psychopharmacology, 1979,61, 177–189.
Cain, N. W., &Baenninger, R. Habituation to illness: Effects of prior experience with the US on the formation of learned taste aversion in rats.Animal Learning & Behavior, 1977,5, 359–364.
Cannon, D. S., Baker, T. B., &Berman, R. F. Taste aversion disruption by drug pretreatment: Dissociative and drug-specific effects.Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 1977,6, 93–100.
Cappell, H., &LeBlanc, A. E. Conditioned aversion by amphetamine: Rates of acquisition and loss of the attenuating effects of prior exposure.Psychopharmacologia, 1975,43, 157–162.
Cappell, H., &LeBlanc, A. E. Gustatory avoidance conditioning by drugs of abuse: Relationships to general issues in research on drug dependence. In N. W. Milgram, L. Krames, & T. Alloway (Eds.),Food aversion learning. New York: Plenum Press, 1977.
Cappell, H., LeBlanc, A. E., &Herling, S. Modification of the punishing effects of psychoactive drugs in rats by previous drug experience.Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1975,89, 347–356.
Cappell, H., &Poulos, C. X. Associative factors in drug pretreatment effects on gustatory conditioning: Cross-drug effects.Psychopharmacology, 1979,64, 209–213.
Corfield-Sumner, P. K., &Stolerman, I. P. Behavioral tolerance. In D. E. Blackman & D. Sanger (Eds.),Contemporary research in behavioral pharmacology. New York: Plenum Press, 1978.
Eckardt, M. J. Alcohol-induced conditioned taste aversion in rats: Effects of concentration and prior exposure to alcohol.Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1976,37, 334–346.
Eikelboom, R., &Stewart, J. Conditioned temperature effects using morphine as the unconditioned stimulus.Psychopharmacology, 1979,61, 31–38.
Gamzu, E. The multifaceted nature of taste-aversion inducing agents: Is there a single common factor? In L. M. Barker, M. E. Best, & M. Domjan (Eds.),Learning mechanisms in food selection. Waco, Tex: Baylor University Press, 1977.
Goett, J., &Kay, E. Lithium chloride and Δ9-THC lead to conditioned aversions in the pigeon.Psychopharmacology, 1981,72, 215–216.
Goldstein, A., Aronow, L., &Kalman, S. M. Principles of drug action: The basis of pharmacology. New York: Wiley, 1974.
Goudie, A. J., &Thornton, E. W. Effects of drug experience on drug induced conditioned taste aversions: Studies with amphetamine and fenfluramine.Psychopharmacologia, 1975,44, 77–82.
Greengard, P. Possible role of cyclic nucleotides and phosphorylated membrane proteins in postsynaptic actions of neurotransmitters.Nature, 1976,260, 101–108.
Jacobs, W. J., Zellner, D. A., LoLordo, V. M., &Riley, A. L. The effect of postconditioning exposure to morphine on the retention of a morphine-induced conditioned taste aversion.Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 1981,14, 779–785.
Kamin, L. J. Predictability, surprise, attention and conditioning. In B. A. Campbell & R. M. Church (Eds.),Punishment and aversive behavior. New York: Academic Press, 1969.
Lemberger, L., &Rubin, A. Physiologic disposition of drugs of abuse. New York: Spectrum, 1976.
Martin, W. R., &Sloan, J. Neuropharmacology and neurochemistry of subjective effects, analgesia, tolerance, and dependence produced by narcotic analgesics. In W. R. Martin (Ed.),Drug addiction I: Morphine, sedative/hypnotic and alcohol dependence. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1977.
Mikulka, P. J., Leard, B., &Klein, S. B. Illness alone (US) exposure as a source of interference with the acquisition and retention of a taste aversion.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1977,3, 189–201.
Mucha, R. F., &Kalant, H. Log dose/response curve flatten ing in rats after daily injections of opiates.Psychopharmacology, 1980,71, 51–61.
Mucha, R. F., Kalant, H., &Linesman, M. A. Quantitative relationships among measures of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in the rat.Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 1979,10, 397–405.
Poulos, C. X., &Cappell, H. An associative analysis of pretreatment effects in gustatory conditioning by amphetamine.Psychopharmacology, 1979,64, 201–207.
Riley, A. L., &Clarke, C. M. Conditioned taste aversions: A bibliography. In L. M. Barker, M. E. Best, & M. Domjan (Eds.),Learning mechanisms in food selection. Waco, Tex: Baylor University Press, 1977.
Riley, A. L., Jacobs, W. J., &LoLordo, V. M. Drug exposure and the acquisition and retention of a conditioned taste aversion.Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1976,90, 799–807.
Riley, A. L., Jacobs, W. J., &LoLordo, V. M. Morphine-induced taste aversions: A consideration of parameters.Physiological Psychology, 1978,6, 96–100.
Siegel, S. Evidence from rats that morphine tolerance is a learned response.Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1975,89, 498–506.
Siegel, S. Pavlovian conditioning analysis of morphine tolerance. In N. A. Krasnegor (Ed.),Behavioral tolerance: Research and treatment implications (NIDA Research Monograph 18). Washington, D.C: Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1978.
Siegel, S., Sherman, J. E., &Mitchell, D. Extinction of morphine and analgesic tolerance.Learning and Motivation, 1980,11, 289–302.
Sklar, L. S., &Amit, Z. Manipulations of catecholamine systems block the conditioned taste aversion induced by self-administered drugs.Neuropharmacology, 1977,16, 649–655.
Smith, D. F. Central and peripheral effects of lithium on conditioned taste aversion in rats.Psychopharmacology, 1980,68, 315–317.
Stewart, J., &Eikelboom, R. Pre-exposure to morphine and the attenuation of conditioned taste aversion in rats.Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 1978,9, 639–645.
Suarez, E. M., &Barker, L. M. Effects of water deprivation and prior LiCl exposure in conditioning taste aversions.Physiology & Behavior, 1978,17, 555–559.
Wikler, A. Conditioning of successive adaptive responses to the initial effects of drugs.Conditional Reflex, 1973,8, 193–210.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dacanay, R.J., Riley, A.L. The UCS preexposure effect in taste aversion learning: Tolerance and blocking are drug specific. Animal Learning & Behavior 10, 91–96 (1982). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03212052
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03212052