Abstract
The relationships between rehearsal and subsequent retrieval characteristics were examined in the context of free recall of categorized lists. The results indicated a direct correspondence between the frequency of rehearsal and the order and speed of retrieval within categories. The same relationship obtained for the categories themselves. It was suggested that both retrieval time and order effects can be predicted in terms of the organization of input processing and the resultant repetition frequency of categories and exemplars.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Battig, W. F., & Montague, W. E. Category norms for verbal items in 56 categories: A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms. Journal of Experimental Psychology Monograph, 1969, 80, No. 3, Part 2.
Cralk, F. I. M., & Watkins, M. J. The role of rehearsal in short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1973,12, 599–607.
Fischler, I., Rundus, D., & Atkinson, R. C. Effects of overt rehearsal processes on free recall. Psychonomic Science, 1970,19, 249–250.
Kellas, G., Ashcraft, M. H., Johnson, N. S., & Needham, S. Temporal aspects of storage and retrieval in free recall of categorized lists. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1973,12, 499- 511.
Kellas, G., McCauley, C., & McFarland, C. E. A re examination of externalized rehearsal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1975,104, 84–90.
Mandler, G. Memory storage and retrieval: Some limits on the reach of attention and consciousness. (Tech. Rep. No. 34) San Diego: University of California, Center for Human Information Processing, 1973.
McCauley, C., & Kellas, G. Induced chunking: Temporal aspects of storage and retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1974,102, 260–265.
Patterson, K. E., Meltzer, R. H., & Mandler, G. Inter-response times in categorized free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1971,10, 417–426.
Pollio, H. R., Richards, S., & Lucas, R. Temporal properties of category recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1969,8, 529–536.
Rundus, D. Analysis of rehearsal processes in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 63–77.
Rundus, D. Negative effects of using list items as recall cues. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1973,12, 43–50.
Wood, G. Organization processes and free recall. In E. Tulving and W. Donaldson (Eds.)Organization of memory. New York: Academic Press, 1972.
Woodward, A. E., Bjork, R. A., & Jongeward, R. H. Recall and recognition as a function of primary rehearsal. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1973,12, 608–617.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The present investigation was partially supported by PHS Grants HD00183 and HDO0870 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to the Bureau of Child Research, and a General Research Grant (No. 3331) from the University of Kansas to the second author. A portion of the present data provided the basis of a thesis submitted by the third author to the University of Kansas.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ashcraft, M.H., Kellas, G. & Needham, S. Rehearsal and retrieval processes in free recall of categorized lists. Memory & Cognition 3, 506–512 (1975). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197522
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197522