Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Phase Transformation Behavior of Lead and Zinc in the High-Lead Slag Reduction Process

  • METALLURGY OF NONFERROUS METALS
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The phase transformation behavior of lead and zinc in the high-lead slag reduction process was reported in this article. First, the occurrence state of lead and zinc in the slag and the phase transformation behavior of lead and zinc during reduction were investigated. Following, the thermodynamic modeling calculation for the reduction process was constructed and discussed. The results indicated that the zinc in the high-lead slag mainly existed in the form of zinc ferrite and silicate while the lead mainly existed in a silicate form. The XRD patterns of the reduced slag at different coal ratios demonstrated that the lead existing in the high-lead slag in a silicate form could be reduced into the metal phase while the zinc existing in the high-lead slag in the form of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) could be converted into zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4), as the coal ratio increased. The thermodynamic modeling calculation results showed an agreement with the experiment analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Han, J., Liu, W., and Qin, W., Recovery of zinc and iron from high iron-bearing zinc calcine by selective reduction roasting, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2015, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 272–279.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jha, M.K., Kumar, V., and Singh, R.J., Review of hydrometallurgical recovery of zinc from industrial wastes, Resour., Conserv. Recycl., 2001, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Krenev, V.A., Drobot, N.F., and Fomichev, S.V., Bismuth: Reserves, applications, and the world market, Theor. Found. Chem. Eng., 2015, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 532–535.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Zhu, X., Li, L., and Sun, X., Preparation of basic lead oxide from spent lead acid battery paste via chemical conversion, Hydrometallurgy, 2012, vols. 117–118, pp. 24–31.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Pecina, T., Franco, T., and Castillo, P., Leaching of a zinc concentrate in H2SO4 solutions containing H2O2 and complexing agents, Miner. Eng., 2008, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 23–30.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang, X., Yang, L., and Li, Y., Impacts of lead/zinc mining and smelting on the environment and human health in China, Environ. Monit. Assess., 2012, vol. 184, no. 4, pp. 2261–2273.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ettler, V., Legendre, O., and Bodénan, F., Primary phases and natural weathering of old lead–zinc pyrometallurgical slag from Príbram, Czech Republic, Can. Mineral., 2001, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 873–888.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Schuhmann, R., Chen, P.C., and Palanisamy, P., Thermodynamics of converting lead sulfide, Metall. Trans. B, 1976, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 95–101.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Matyas, A.G. and Mackey, P.J., Metallurgy of the direct smelting of lead, JOM, 1976, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 10–15.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Liao, M.X. and Deng, T.L., Zinc and lead extraction from complex raw sulfides by sequential bioleaching and acidic brine leach, Miner. Eng., 2004, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 17–22.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Turan, M.D., Altundoğan, H.S., and Tümen, F., Recovery of zinc and lead from zinc plant residue, Hydrometallurgy, 2004, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 169–176.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Behnajady, B. and Moghaddam, J., Selective leaching of zinc from hazardous As-bearing zinc plant purification filter cake, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 2017, vol. 117, pp. 564–574.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Rüşen, A. and Topçu, M.A., Investigation of zinc extraction from different leach residues by acid leaching, Int. J. Environ. Sci., 2018, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Zhao, Y. and Stanforth, R., Integrated hydrometallurgical process for production of zinc from electric arc furnace dust in alkaline medium, J. Hazard. Mater., 2000, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 223–240.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Menad, N., Ayala, J.N., and Garcia-Carcedo, F., Study of the presence of fluorine in the recycled fractions during carbothermal treatment of EAF dust, Waste Manage., 2003, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 483–491.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Havlik, T., Turzakova, M., and Stopic, S., Atmospheric leaching of EAF dust with diluted sulphuric acid, Hydrometallurgy, 2005, vol. 77, nos. 1–2, pp. 41–50.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Dutra, A.J.B., Paiva, P.R.P., and Tavares, L.M., Alkaline leaching of zinc from electric arc furnace steel dust, Miner. Eng., 2006, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 478–485.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Oustadakis, P., Tsakiridis, P.E., and Katsiapi, A., Hydrometallurgical process for zinc recovery from electric arc furnace dust (EAFD): part I: Characterization and leaching by diluted sulphuric acid, J. Hazard. Mater., 2010, vol. 179, no. 1, pp. 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chairaksa-Fujimoto, R., Maruyama, K., and Miki, T., The selective alkaline leaching of zinc oxide from Electric Arc Furnace dust pre-treated with calcium oxide, Hydrometallurgy, 2016, vol. 159, pp. 120–125.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang, Z.T., Li, W.F., and Zhan, J., The effect of coal ratio on the high-lead slag reduction process, J. Min. Metall., Sect. B, 2018, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 179–184.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Chen, L., Yang, T.Z., and Bin, S., An efficient reactor for high-lead slag reduction process: Oxygen-rich side blow furnace, JOM, 2014, vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 1664–1669.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Chen, L., Hao, Z., and Yang, T.Z., A comparison study of the oxygen-rich side blow furnace and the oxygen-rich bottom blow furnace for liquid high lead slag reduction, JOM, 2015, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 1123–1129.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Li, W.F., Zhan, J., and Fan, Y.Q., Research and industrial application of a process for direct reduction of molten high-lead smelting slag, JOM, 2017, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 784–789.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Bale, C.W., Bélisle, E., and Chartrand, P., FactSage thermochemical software and databases—recent developments, Calphad, 2009, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 295–311.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research is supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011AA061002), Jiana Foundation of Central South University (JNJJ201613), the doctor initiate projects of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology (205200100026) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52004111), the Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China

    Jing Zhan

  2. School of Metallurgy Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 341000, Ganzhou, China

    Zhongtang Zhang

  3. Henan Yuguang Gold & Lead Co., Ltd., 454650, Jiyuan, Henan, China

    Weifeng Li, Gui Li & Zhenbo Zhao

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA

    Jiann-yang Hwang

Authors
  1. Zhongtang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Weifeng Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jing Zhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gui Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhenbo Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jiann-yang Hwang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhongtang Zhang or Jing Zhan.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, Z., Li, W., Zhan, J. et al. Phase Transformation Behavior of Lead and Zinc in the High-Lead Slag Reduction Process. Russ. J. Non-ferrous Metals 62, 139–146 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821221020152

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821221020152

Keywords:

Search

Navigation