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Improvement of Calibrated Steel Quality by Surface Deformation. Part 1: Determination of the Stress State of Cylindrical Parts during Orbital Surface Deformation

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Abstract

Cold-drawn calibrated steel is an effective workpiece for the manufacturing of low-stiff cylindrical parts such as shafts and axles. A high accuracy of the diametric size along the workpiece length, low surface roughness, and increased hardness and strength of the surface layer compared to hot rolled products allow the production of a variety of parts with high metal utilization and high machining performance. The main disadvantage of calibrated metal is the residual stresses that occur during pressure processing. To reduce or change the nature of the distribution over the cross section, we propose to use small plastic deformations in the product’s surface layer. Surface plastic deformation (SPD) methods known in practice usually lead to the curvature of non-rigid workpieces. To intensify the stress-strain state in the deformation zone, a method of orbital surface deformation is proposed. The orbital deformation scheme is a rod indenter (tool), one end of which is equipped with a ball tip that is in contact with the surface to be treated. The second end of the rod indenter rotates about the vertical axis, forming a conical surface in space with a certain angle at the apex. A deforming force acts along the rod axis. Based on the finite element modeling, we consider the effect of the main parameters of orbital surface deformation on the stress state in the deformation zone and residual stresses in the finished products. Compared with the traditional SPD process, the stress intensity during orbital surface deformation will increase by 10–15%. The residual compressive stresses formed in the surface layers reach 70–85% of the material tensile strength. The relative radius of the orbital rotation and the radius of the operating tool, at which the formation of maximal temporary and residual stresses is ensured, were established. At an increase in the frequency of the orbital rotation of the operating tool, the temporary and residual compressive stresses increase. In the second part of the paper, we provide information on a more effective method of surface deformation and on the change in initial residual stresses that are formed during the calibration of cylindrical rods.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 664074, Irkutsk, Russia

    S. A. Zaides &  Pham Van Anh

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  1. S. A. Zaides
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  2. Pham Van Anh
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Correspondence to S. A. Zaides or Pham Van Anh.

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Translated by A. Ivanov

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Zaides, S.A., Pham Van Anh Improvement of Calibrated Steel Quality by Surface Deformation. Part 1: Determination of the Stress State of Cylindrical Parts during Orbital Surface Deformation. Steel Transl. 50, 745–749 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091220110145

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091220110145

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